Afrika ve Somali'de federalizm
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Date
2017
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Abstract
Bu makale bir kabile federalizmi olarak kendini saklayan ve federal bir sistem içinde demokratik bir hükümet kurmaya çalışan Somali'deki federalizmi incelemeye çalışmaktadır. Somali stratejik açıdan son derece tartışmalı bir bölge olan Afrika boynuzunda bulunduğu için, çeyrek yüzyıldan daha fazla bir süre yaşanan bir iç savaş nedeniyle harap olmuş durumdadır; bunun sonucundada çok sayıda Somali'lidiaspora olarak yaşamak üzere ya komşu ülkelere ya da yurt dışına kaçarken nüfusun geri kalan kısmı süregelen çatışmalar ve kıtlıklar nedeniyle perişan olmuştur. Somali'deFederalizm anlaşmazlıkları artırdığı ve olumsuz yönleri olumlu yönlerinden daha fazla olduğu için başarılması zor bir süreçtir. Somali halkı Somali'de federalizm veya bu politik sistemin uygulanması konusundaaçık bir toplumsal bir anlayışa ya da mutabakata sahip değildir. Devlet kurma süreci yerel halkın güvensizliği nedeniyle zorluk ve sıkıntılarla doludur vedevletin önemli bir süre mevcut olmadığını varsayarsak bu anlaşılabilir bir durumdur. Somali halkı uzun süredir merkezileşmiş ve aşırı derecede kontrollü bir hükümet tarafından yönetildiği için, onların şimdi ademi merkeziyetçi (yerinden yönetim) bir sisteme yönelmeleri ve dönüşmeleri de anlaşılabilir bir durumdur. Eyaletlerin pek çoğu zaten bir şekilde veya başka bir şekilde kendi kendini yönetmektedir ve bu nedenle belki de fiilen federal bir hükümet olarak görev yapmak daha kolaydır. Federalizmin olumlu yönleri olmasına rağmen, fiilen bölünme ve merkezi hükümet ile bölgesel yönetimler arasında güç ve yetkilerin paylaşılması konusunda farklı görüşler vardır. Bu görüş farklılıkları Somali federal deneyimini potansiyel olarak amacında saptırabilecek kabilbağlılıkları öne çıkarılarak alevlendirilmektedir. Somali'nin ve federal eyaletlerin bağımsız bir ülke olma iddiasında bulunması, federal sistemin başarısı için iyiye işaret değildir. Bir millet olarak Somali'nin kurtulması, yeniden kurulması ve inşası engellerle doludur ve hiç kimse federalizmin bu engelleri azaltıp azaltamayacağı konusunda kesin bir düşünceye sahip değildir.
This paper attempts to examine federalism in Somalia, which is masked as clan federalism and the attempts at making a democratic government in a federal system. As a country Somalia is situated in the horn of Africa located in a highly strategically contested area. It has been devastated by civil war for more than a quarter of a century; as a result a large number of Somalis have fled to neighboring countries or abroad living as diasporas, whilst the rest of the population have been ravaged by ongoing conflicts and famine. Federalism has had a rocky start in Somalia as it has raised debates and there have been more negatives than positives. The Somali society does not have a clear understanding or consensus on the concept of federalism in Somalia and the application of this political system in Somalia. The state building process has been fraught with difficulties due to the mistrust of the local people which is understandable given that the state has been absent for a considerable Time, As the Somali people have been under a centralized and heavily controlled government for a long time it is understandable that they now turn to a decentralized system. Most of the states were already self-governing in some form or another, thus it is perhaps actually easier to function as a federal government. Despite the positives for federalism it does not help that there are different opinions on the actual division and sharing of powers between the central government and the regional authorities. These differences of opinion have been exacerbated by the competing clan alliances which could potentially derail the Somali federal experiment. The fact that Somaliland which is one of the federal states stands by its claim of being an Independent country does not bode well for the success of the federal system. The recovery, reestablishment and rebuilding of Somalia as a nation is filled with obstacles and no one is sure if federalism will alleviate the obstacles or if it indeed one of them.
This paper attempts to examine federalism in Somalia, which is masked as clan federalism and the attempts at making a democratic government in a federal system. As a country Somalia is situated in the horn of Africa located in a highly strategically contested area. It has been devastated by civil war for more than a quarter of a century; as a result a large number of Somalis have fled to neighboring countries or abroad living as diasporas, whilst the rest of the population have been ravaged by ongoing conflicts and famine. Federalism has had a rocky start in Somalia as it has raised debates and there have been more negatives than positives. The Somali society does not have a clear understanding or consensus on the concept of federalism in Somalia and the application of this political system in Somalia. The state building process has been fraught with difficulties due to the mistrust of the local people which is understandable given that the state has been absent for a considerable Time, As the Somali people have been under a centralized and heavily controlled government for a long time it is understandable that they now turn to a decentralized system. Most of the states were already self-governing in some form or another, thus it is perhaps actually easier to function as a federal government. Despite the positives for federalism it does not help that there are different opinions on the actual division and sharing of powers between the central government and the regional authorities. These differences of opinion have been exacerbated by the competing clan alliances which could potentially derail the Somali federal experiment. The fact that Somaliland which is one of the federal states stands by its claim of being an Independent country does not bode well for the success of the federal system. The recovery, reestablishment and rebuilding of Somalia as a nation is filled with obstacles and no one is sure if federalism will alleviate the obstacles or if it indeed one of them.
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, Afrika, Afrika ülkeleri, International Relations, Federalizm, Africa, African countries, Somali, Federalism, Yönetim, Somalia, Management, Yönetim sistemleri, Management systems
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