Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ulusal güvenlik stratejilerinin uzay güvenliğine etkisi
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Date
2023
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Eliküçük Yıldırım, Nilgün
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Abstract
Uzay; BM tarafından düzenlenen ve birçok ülkenin altına imza attığı uluslararası anlaşmalarla güvence altına alınmış ve genel olarak dünyanın ortak malı kabul edilmiştir. ABD başlangıçta bu çalışmalar içinde yer alsa da 1960'lı yıllarda SSCB'nin uzay kabiliyetleri kendi kabiliyetleri ile yarıştığında ya da geçmeye başladığında kendini tehdit altında hissetmiş ve BM'nin uzay hakkındaki bazı düzenlemelerini kabul etmemiştir. O yıllarda ABD'nin Ay'a astronot indirmesiyle mutlak üstünlük temin edilmiş ve uzay temelinde dünyayı yeni bir savaşa sürükleyecek bir olay yaşanmamıştır. Günümüzde ise başta Rusya ve Çin olmak üzere rakip ülkelerin uzay alanındaki çalışmaları ABD'yi tedirgin etmektedir. Bu yeniden alevlenen rekabetin uzayı bir çatışma alanına döndürüp döndürmeyeceği uluslararası ilişkiler bağlamında önemli bir sorunsaldır. Bu çalışmada, ABD'nin ulusal güvenlik uzay stratejilerinin uluslararası boyutta devletler üzerindeki etkisinin tehdit ve caydırıcılık bakımından önemi, ABD'nin uzayda tek başına hareket etmesini engelleyecek uluslararası bir dengenin olmasının ve uzayın silahsızlandırılmasının dünya için gerekliliği, geliştirilen uzay savunma sistemleri ve bunların atmosfer ötesine taşınarak uzayı yeni bir savaş cephesine dönüştürme girişimleri nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak tarihi anlaşmalar doğrultusunda incelenmiş, ABD başkanlarının uzay alanındaki ulusal güvenlik stratejileri incelenerek, ABD liderliğinde uzayın askerileştirilmesi engellenmez ise dünya için oluşabilecek tehdit ve yaratabileceği tahribat tartışılmıştır.
Space; It has been secured by international agreements organized by the UN and signed by many countries, and has generally been accepted as the common property of the world. Although the USA was initially involved in these studies, in the 1960s, when the space capabilities of the USSR competed with or began to surpass its own, it felt threatened and did not accept some of the UN's regulations on space. In those years, absolute superiority was achieved with the USA landing astronauts on the Moon, and there was no event that would drag the world into a new war on the basis of space. Today, the work of rival countries, especially Russia and China, in the field of space worries the USA. Whether this re-ignited competition will turn space into a conflict zone is an important question in the context of international relations. In this study, the importance of the impact of the USA's national security space strategies on the states at the international level in terms of threat and deterrence, the existence of an international balance that will prevent the USA from acting alone in space and the importance of disarming the space for the world, the developed space defense systems and their transport beyond the atmosphere are discussed. Attempts to transform space into a new war front were examined in line with historical agreements using qualitative research methods, the national security strategies of the US presidents in the field of space were examined, and the threat that could arise for the world and the damage it could cause if the militarization of space was not prevented under the leadership of the USA.
Space; It has been secured by international agreements organized by the UN and signed by many countries, and has generally been accepted as the common property of the world. Although the USA was initially involved in these studies, in the 1960s, when the space capabilities of the USSR competed with or began to surpass its own, it felt threatened and did not accept some of the UN's regulations on space. In those years, absolute superiority was achieved with the USA landing astronauts on the Moon, and there was no event that would drag the world into a new war on the basis of space. Today, the work of rival countries, especially Russia and China, in the field of space worries the USA. Whether this re-ignited competition will turn space into a conflict zone is an important question in the context of international relations. In this study, the importance of the impact of the USA's national security space strategies on the states at the international level in terms of threat and deterrence, the existence of an international balance that will prevent the USA from acting alone in space and the importance of disarming the space for the world, the developed space defense systems and their transport beyond the atmosphere are discussed. Attempts to transform space into a new war front were examined in line with historical agreements using qualitative research methods, the national security strategies of the US presidents in the field of space were examined, and the threat that could arise for the world and the damage it could cause if the militarization of space was not prevented under the leadership of the USA.
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, International Relations, United States of America, Güvenlik, Security
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