Kentsel mekan öğesi olarak pasajlarda mekansal biçimlenme: Ankara- Yenişehir pasajları
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Date
2020
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Mekânları içinde bulundukları toplumsal koşullar biçimlendirir; karşılıklı olarak, mekânlar da toplumsal yapıyı etkiler. Tezin konusunu oluşturan pasajlar, dönemin, sosyo-ekonomik, sosyo-politik, sosyo-kültürel dönüşümüne koşut olarak ilk kez Batı'da ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkiye'de ilk olarak İstanbul'da görülen pasajlar; Ankara'da da ekonomik ve toplumsal koşulların değişmesi ile yapılmaya başlanmış, etkili ticaret işlevleriyle kent ekonomisine katkı sağlamış, gündelik hayatın vazgeçilmez mekânları olarak kentsel ve toplumsal ilişkileri yeniden belirlemiş, karakteristik mimarileri, özgün yapı tipolojileri ve özel mülkiyette kamusal süreklilik sağlama özellikleri ile ayrıcalıklı kentsel mekânlar olmuştur. Tezin amacı, pasajların kentsel mekân öğesi olarak mekânsal biçimlenmelerinin ve yapı tipolojilerinin, ortaya çıkış koşulları temelinde incelenmesi ve Ankara pasajlarına özgü mekânsal biçimlenmelerinin nedenselliklerinin aranmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmanın hedefleri, Ankara pasajlarının ortaya çıktığı dönemin sosyo-ekonomik, sosyo-politik, sosyo-kültürel yapılanması, kentsel gelişme süreci ve planlama kararları zemininde, mekânsal olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Tez kapsamında öncelikle, Batı pasajlarının mekânsal özellikleri aktarılmış; İstanbul pasajlarından örnekler verilmiş, Ankara pasajlarının yapıldığı dönemin koşulları açıklanmıştır. Bulvar üzerinde ve çevresinde saptanan 31 adet pasajın mekânsal özellikleri irdelenmiş, dönemsel olarak ortaya konulmuş, içlerindeki 12 pasajın detaylı mekânsal analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular, (Batı) pasajlarının temel özellikleri ile karşılaştırılmış; Ankara pasajlarının biçimlenmesi, nedenleri ile tartışılmıştır. Yenişehir'de, Atatürk Bulvarı ve çevresindeki araştırma alanında saptanan toplam 31 pasajın 27'si, 1950-1980 yılları arasında yapılmıştır. Ankara pasajlarının mekânsal biçimlenmesi Batı pasajlarından farklıdır. Ankara/Yenişehir pasajlarının konumları ve sokak bağlantıları dış mekân ile iç mekânın ilişkisini zemin, zemin altı kotlara dahil edilmesini olanaklı kılarak kamusal alan kullanımında etkili süreklilikler sağlamaktadır. Aynı şekilde Ankara pasajlarının sokak bağlantıları ve iç mekânları da Batı pasajlarından farklıdır. 1950'li yılların ortalarından itibaren, ardı ardına uygulanan yeni plan kararları sonucunda, Ankara/Yenişehir'de yapılaşma yoğunluğu artmış; mevcut yapılar yıkılarak, altları pasaj/dükkân olan yapılar yapılmış; Bulvar ve çevresi yeniden biçimlenmiştir. Yeni plan kararlarının, yapılaşmış bir alanın mevcut parselasyon sisteminde ve mülkiyet düzeninde uygulanması, Ankara pasajlarının kendine özgü biçimlenmesine neden olmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ankara-Yenişehir, pasaj, mekânsal biçimlenme, kentsel mekân
Spaces are shaped by the social conditions in which they exist; and mutually, spaces influence social structure as well. As the topic of the thesis, arcades first appeared in the West in parallel to socio-economic, socio-cultural and socio-political transformation of the period. Built in İstanbul at first, arcades was started to be built as the economic and social conditions changed, they have contributed to the urban economy with their effective commercial function; have redefined urban and social relations as being one of the indispensable spaces of daily life and have become privileged urban spaces with their characteristic architectures, unique structure typologies and providing public continuity in private property. The aim of the thesis is to analyze spatial figuration and structural typologies of arcades as the urban space component in terms of emergence conditions and to seek for the causalities of spatial figurations specific to the arcades in Ankara. In accordance with this aim, the objective of this study is to spatially evaluate the period in which the arcades first appeared in Ankara in terms of the socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural structuring, urban development process and planning decisions. Within the scope of this thesis, firstly spatial features of the arcades in the West were stated, the arcades of İstanbul were given as examples and the conditions of the period when the arcades of Ankara were built were explained. The spatial features of 31 arcades detected on and around the boulevard are examined, they were stated periodically and spatial analysis for 12 of those arcades were conducted in detail. Findings are compared with the main features of the arcades in the West and the formation of the arcades in Ankara was discussed with the reasons behind them. Of the 31 arcades in Ankara, 27 were built between 1950 and 1980 on and around the Atatürk Boulevard in Yenişehir/Kızılay. Spatial formation of the arcades of Ankara is different from the arcades in the West. Locations and street connections of the arcades of Ankara/Yenişehir provide effective sustainabilities for public use by adding the relation of interior and exterior to the ground and sub-ground level. In the same vein, interior designs and connections to the streets of the arcades of Ankara are different from the arcades in the West. As of the mid-1950s, as a result of new planning decisions which were made one after the other in the built-up area, the intensity of structuring in Ankara/Yenişehir increased, the existing buildings were demolished and structures with an arcade/store under them were built and the Boulevard and its surrounding were re-shaped. Application of the new planning decisions in the present subdivision system of a built-up area and in the order of property brought about the formation of the arcades of Ankara in a unique way. Key Words: Ankara-Yenişehir, arcade, spatial formation, urban space
Spaces are shaped by the social conditions in which they exist; and mutually, spaces influence social structure as well. As the topic of the thesis, arcades first appeared in the West in parallel to socio-economic, socio-cultural and socio-political transformation of the period. Built in İstanbul at first, arcades was started to be built as the economic and social conditions changed, they have contributed to the urban economy with their effective commercial function; have redefined urban and social relations as being one of the indispensable spaces of daily life and have become privileged urban spaces with their characteristic architectures, unique structure typologies and providing public continuity in private property. The aim of the thesis is to analyze spatial figuration and structural typologies of arcades as the urban space component in terms of emergence conditions and to seek for the causalities of spatial figurations specific to the arcades in Ankara. In accordance with this aim, the objective of this study is to spatially evaluate the period in which the arcades first appeared in Ankara in terms of the socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural structuring, urban development process and planning decisions. Within the scope of this thesis, firstly spatial features of the arcades in the West were stated, the arcades of İstanbul were given as examples and the conditions of the period when the arcades of Ankara were built were explained. The spatial features of 31 arcades detected on and around the boulevard are examined, they were stated periodically and spatial analysis for 12 of those arcades were conducted in detail. Findings are compared with the main features of the arcades in the West and the formation of the arcades in Ankara was discussed with the reasons behind them. Of the 31 arcades in Ankara, 27 were built between 1950 and 1980 on and around the Atatürk Boulevard in Yenişehir/Kızılay. Spatial formation of the arcades of Ankara is different from the arcades in the West. Locations and street connections of the arcades of Ankara/Yenişehir provide effective sustainabilities for public use by adding the relation of interior and exterior to the ground and sub-ground level. In the same vein, interior designs and connections to the streets of the arcades of Ankara are different from the arcades in the West. As of the mid-1950s, as a result of new planning decisions which were made one after the other in the built-up area, the intensity of structuring in Ankara/Yenişehir increased, the existing buildings were demolished and structures with an arcade/store under them were built and the Boulevard and its surrounding were re-shaped. Application of the new planning decisions in the present subdivision system of a built-up area and in the order of property brought about the formation of the arcades of Ankara in a unique way. Key Words: Ankara-Yenişehir, arcade, spatial formation, urban space
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Mimarlık, Architecture
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