Bağlam-farkında uyarlamalı yazılım sistemlerinde göz-hareketi verisi ile gözlemleme: Endoskopik-nöroşirurji eğitim programları için bir durum çalışması
Loading...
Date
2017
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Open Access Color
OpenAIRE Downloads
OpenAIRE Views
Abstract
Günümüzde modern yazılımlar, ortamdaki sürekli değişimlerle uyumlu olmaları gerektiğinden dolayı çok karmaşık hale gelmektedir. Çevreyle ilgili olguları izleyebilmek ve çevredeki değişikliklerin olası sonuçlarını daha iyi anlayabilmek için toplanan verileri analiz etme yeteneği aracılığıyla otonomik davranışları desteklemeleri gerekmektedir. Başka bir deyişle, bağlam-farkında uyarlamalı yazılım sistemi (BFYUS), çalışma ortamındaki bu değişikliklere cevaben kendisini çalışma zamanında ayarlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bağlam, son kullanıcı, programlama, birincil özellikler (ör. kimlik, yer ve zaman) ve fiziksel koşullar gibi yazılım sistemi tarafından gözlemlenen herhangi bir şey olarak tanımlanır. Bu nedenle BFYUS mimarisi, geniş bir veri yelpazesini izleyerek farklı amaçlar için çeşitli seviyelerde uygulanabilir. Bununla birlikte, şu anda bu sistemlerin uyguladığı adaptasyonun seviyesini ve kapsamını gösteren hiçbir kavramsal çerçeve yoktur. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle BFYUS'ın ana boyutlarını daha iyi anlamak için ilgili literatür incelenmiştir. Daha sonra, belirli bir BFYUS tarafından gerçekleştirilen adaptasyonun seviyesine ve kapsamına daha iyi hitap edebilmek için kavramsal bir çerçeve önerilmektedir. Önerilen çerçeve üç boyuta sahiptir: adaptasyon bağlamının tanımı, uyarlanması planlanan olayın tanımı ve nihayetinde adaptasyonun nasıl gerçekleştirileceğini gösteren plan. Ek olarak, önerilen kavramsal çerçeve aracılığıyla endo-nöroşirurji eğitim programları için bir durum çalışması yürütülmüştür. Sonuçlar, cerrahların göz hareket olaylarını izleyerek, yetenek seviyelerinin yüksek hassasiyetle (%91.3) tahmin edilebileceğini göstermiştir. Buna göre, bu özel durum için, cerrahların göz hareketi olaylarıyla, içeriğin cerrahların davranışlarına göre uyarlanabileceği görülmüştür. Örneğin, beceri düzeylerini düzenli olarak ölçerek ve öğrencilerin göz hareket olaylarıyla her bir senaryonun zorluk seviyelerini değerlendirerek, müfredattaki bilgisayar tabanlı simülasyon senaryolarının düzeni, farklı el koşullarındaki kullanıcı beceri seviyelerine ve davranışlarına göre uyarlanabilir. Bu, her stajyer için beceri ve bilgiye dinamik olarak adapte edilmiş özel bir müfredat oluşturulmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın iki ana katkısı vardır. İlk olarak, BFYUS'ın kapsam ve seviyesini değerlendirmek için kullanılabilecek bir kavramsal model önermektedir. Bu bilgi araştırmacılara ve geliştiricilere BFYUS'ı daha iyi değerlendirip karşılaştırmalarına yardımcı olabilir. Bu tez çalışmasının ikinci katkısı önerilen modelin endo-nöroşirürji alanına uygulanmasıdır. Endo-nöroşirurji alanındaki eğitim programları çeşitli problemlere sahiptir. Bu programların asıl problemi, beceri temelli eğitim fırsatlarıdır. Eğitim ve beceri gelişiminin ameliyathanede sağlanması gerektiğinden dolayı, bu eğitim programlarının, hastaların bakış açısından etik hususlar, sınırlı zaman ve hasta güvenliği riski gibi pek çok dezavantajı vardır. Şu anda, cerrahi eğitim programları için pek fazla alternatif eğitim olanağı bulunmamaktadır. Bu programlarda beceri geliştirme çok kritik olduğu için, bireysel beceri temelli eğitim olanakları gerekmektedir. Cerrahi eğitim programlarını desteklemek için bilgisayar tabanlı simülasyonlara örnekler olsa bile, müfredata entegre modeller sınırlıdır. Ek olarak, özellikle endo-nöroşirurji eğitim programlarında cerrahi eğitim için BFYUS'ın herhangi bir öğretim modeli yoktur. Doğası gereği, BFYUS yaklaşımının endo-nöroşirurji eğitim programlarına çeşitli avantajlar sağlayabileceğine inanıyoruz. Bununla birlikte, endo-nöroşirurji eğitim programları için BFYUS oluşturma süreci çok karmaşıktır, bu tez çalışmasında bir BFYUS kavramsal modeli önerilmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasının bulguları, endo-nöroşirurji eğitim programları için daha iyi BFYUS oluşturmak üzere gelecekteki çalışmalara yardımcı olmak ve bu sistemleri mevcut eğitim programlarına daha iyi entegre etmek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
Today, modern software is becoming very complex which needs to be compatible with constant changes in the environment. They required to support autonomic behaviors by monitoring the relevant phenomena of the environment and analyzing the collected data to better understand the possible consequences of the changes in the environment. In other words, by monitoring the relevant phenomena of the environment and analyzing the collected data to better understand the possible consequences of the changes in the environment, these type of software adapt themselves to the environment. Context defined as anything that can be observed by the software system including end-user, computing, and primary features of identity, location, time, and physical conditions at runtime. Hence, Context aware adaptive software (CAASS) architecture can be implemented at different levels for different purposes by monitoring a wide range of data. However, currently there is no conceptual framework showing the level and scope of the adaptation performed by these systems. Accordingly, in this study, first the related literature is examined to investigate the main dimensions of CAASS. Afterwards, a conceptual framework is proposed to address the level and scope of adaptation performed by a specific CAASS. The proposed framework has three dimensions namely the definition of the context of the adaptation, definition of the event that is planned to be adapted and finally the plan showing how the adaptation aimed to be performed. Additionally, a case study is also conducted for endo-neurosurgery education programs through the proposed conceptual framework. Results showed that by monitoring eye-movement events of the surgeons, their skill levels can be estimated with a high precision (91.3%). Accordingly, for this specific case, it is shown that, through the eye-movement events of surgeons, the content can be adapted according to the behaviors of the surgeons. The results of this study show evidences that, by regularly assessing their skill levels and evaluating the difficulty levels of each computer-based simulation scenario through eye movement events of the trainees, order of these scenarios in the curriculum can be adapted to the user skill levels and behaviors under different hand conditions. This will help to create a specific curriculum for each trainee that is adapted dynamically to their skill and knowledge. This study has two main contributions. First it proposes a conceptual model that can be used to evaluate the scope and the level of adaptation for CAASS. This information may help the researchers and the developers to better evaluate and compare the CAASS. The second contribution of this thesis study is the implementation of the proposed model on endo-neurosurgery domain. The field of endo-neurosurgery education programs have several problems. The main problem of these programs is the skill-based training opportunities. As the training and skill development had to be provided in the operating room, there are several drawbacks of these education programs such as the ethical considerations from the patients' perspective, limited time and cases as well as the risk of patient safety. Currently, there are not many alternative training opportunities for the surgical training programs. As the skill improvement is very critical for these programs, the individual skill-based training opportunities are required. Even there are some examples of computer-based simulations for supporting surgical training programs, there are very limited examples of curriculum integrated models. Additionally, there is no instructional model of CAASS for the surgical education programs especially in the endo-neurosurgery education programs. We believe that, because of its very nature, CAASS approach may provide several benefits for the endo-neurosurgery education programs. However, as the process of creating CAASS for the field of endo-neurosurgery education programs is a very complex, in this thesis study a level of CAASS conceptual model is proposed. The findings of this thesis study is aimed to help future studies to better build CAASS for the field of endo-neurosurgery education programs and to better integrate these systems into the current educational programs.
Today, modern software is becoming very complex which needs to be compatible with constant changes in the environment. They required to support autonomic behaviors by monitoring the relevant phenomena of the environment and analyzing the collected data to better understand the possible consequences of the changes in the environment. In other words, by monitoring the relevant phenomena of the environment and analyzing the collected data to better understand the possible consequences of the changes in the environment, these type of software adapt themselves to the environment. Context defined as anything that can be observed by the software system including end-user, computing, and primary features of identity, location, time, and physical conditions at runtime. Hence, Context aware adaptive software (CAASS) architecture can be implemented at different levels for different purposes by monitoring a wide range of data. However, currently there is no conceptual framework showing the level and scope of the adaptation performed by these systems. Accordingly, in this study, first the related literature is examined to investigate the main dimensions of CAASS. Afterwards, a conceptual framework is proposed to address the level and scope of adaptation performed by a specific CAASS. The proposed framework has three dimensions namely the definition of the context of the adaptation, definition of the event that is planned to be adapted and finally the plan showing how the adaptation aimed to be performed. Additionally, a case study is also conducted for endo-neurosurgery education programs through the proposed conceptual framework. Results showed that by monitoring eye-movement events of the surgeons, their skill levels can be estimated with a high precision (91.3%). Accordingly, for this specific case, it is shown that, through the eye-movement events of surgeons, the content can be adapted according to the behaviors of the surgeons. The results of this study show evidences that, by regularly assessing their skill levels and evaluating the difficulty levels of each computer-based simulation scenario through eye movement events of the trainees, order of these scenarios in the curriculum can be adapted to the user skill levels and behaviors under different hand conditions. This will help to create a specific curriculum for each trainee that is adapted dynamically to their skill and knowledge. This study has two main contributions. First it proposes a conceptual model that can be used to evaluate the scope and the level of adaptation for CAASS. This information may help the researchers and the developers to better evaluate and compare the CAASS. The second contribution of this thesis study is the implementation of the proposed model on endo-neurosurgery domain. The field of endo-neurosurgery education programs have several problems. The main problem of these programs is the skill-based training opportunities. As the training and skill development had to be provided in the operating room, there are several drawbacks of these education programs such as the ethical considerations from the patients' perspective, limited time and cases as well as the risk of patient safety. Currently, there are not many alternative training opportunities for the surgical training programs. As the skill improvement is very critical for these programs, the individual skill-based training opportunities are required. Even there are some examples of computer-based simulations for supporting surgical training programs, there are very limited examples of curriculum integrated models. Additionally, there is no instructional model of CAASS for the surgical education programs especially in the endo-neurosurgery education programs. We believe that, because of its very nature, CAASS approach may provide several benefits for the endo-neurosurgery education programs. However, as the process of creating CAASS for the field of endo-neurosurgery education programs is a very complex, in this thesis study a level of CAASS conceptual model is proposed. The findings of this thesis study is aimed to help future studies to better build CAASS for the field of endo-neurosurgery education programs and to better integrate these systems into the current educational programs.
Description
Keywords
Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bilimleri-Bilgisayar ve Kontrol, Computer Engineering and Computer Science and Control
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
0
End Page
132