Bedenlerin Kontrolü ve Yaşamların Şekillendirilmesi: ''Never Let Me Go' ve 'Brave New World' Romanlarında Biyoiktidar ve Biyopolitik Stratejiler
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2025
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Abstract
Bu tez, Aldous Huxley'in Brave New World ve Kazuo Ishiguro'nun Never Let Me Go adlı eserlerinin kurgusal dünyalarında Michel Foucault tarafından ortaya konulan biyoiktidar ve biyopolitika kavramlarını, kontrol mekanizmaları, üreme düzenlemeleri ve normalleştirme tekniklerinin uygulanması açısından incelemeyi ve bu kavramların geçerliğini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Biyoiktidar ve biyopolitika kavramlarını daha iyi anlamak amacıyla yapılan literatür taraması Foucault'nun güç kavramına bakışının analizi ile başlamaktadır. Distopik toplumların anlatıldığı her iki romanda, bireylerin bedenleri, yaşamları ve seçimleri üzerinde hakimiyet kuran dış güçler tarafından sistematik olarak kontrolü ve şekillendirilmesi incelenmektedir. Bu romanlardaki klonların üzerlerinde tam kontrolün uygulanması ve klonların bu tarz toplumlardaki davranışları analiz edilmektedir. Karşılaştırmalı analiz, biyoiktidarın bu kurgusal dünyalardaki anlatımlarının farklılık ve benzerliklerini araştırmaktadır. Tez, kendi boyun eğmelerini içselleştiren uysal bedenler üretmek için biyopolitik mekanizmaların dil, eğitim kurumları ve cinselliğin düzenlenmesi yoluyla nasıl işlediğini dikkate almaktadır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma, bütüncül sistemler içinde ortaya çıkan direniş biçimlerini inceleyerek Never Let Me Go eserindeki Kathy, Tommy ve Miss Lucy ile Brave New World eserindeki Savage John'un özerkliklerini ortaya koyma çabalarını analiz etmektedir. Bu tür karşı koymalar, özgür irade, biyoteknolojinin etik sınırları ve devletin insan yaşamı üzerindeki kontrolünün ahlaki sonuçları gibi kritik meseleleri ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu tezde, bu kurgusal dünyalar biyopolitik bir bakış açısıyla incelenmekte ve çağdaş edebiyatın iktidar biçimlerini dikkate alan bir okuma ve analiz yöntemi ortaya konmaktadır.
This thesis aims to examine the fictional worlds of Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go with reference to the concepts of biopower and biopolitics put forward by Michel Foucault focusing on the implementation of control mechanisms, reproductive regulations, and techniques of normalization, and to explore the applicability of these concepts. To better understand the concepts of biopower and biopolitics, the literature review begins with an analysis of the concept of power by Foucault. Both novels, which portray dystopian societies, explore how external forces systematically control and shape individuals' bodies, lives, and choices through mechanisms of domination. These novels examine the exercise of total control over the clones and analyse their behaviours within the context of such dystopian societies. The comparative analysis explores the similarities and differences in the representations of biopower within these fictional worlds. The thesis considers how biopolitical mechanisms operate through language, educational institutions, and the regulation of sexuality to produce docile bodies that internalize their own subjugation. In addition, this study analyses the forms of resistance that emerge within totalizing systems by examining the efforts of characters such as Kathy, Tommy, and Miss Lucy in Never Let Me Go, and John the Savage in Brave New World, to assert their autonomy. These acts of defiance highlight critical issues such as free will, the ethical boundaries of biotechnology, and the moral implications of state control over human life. In this thesis, these fictional worlds are examined from a biopolitical perspective, offering a reading and analytical approach that takes the forms of power depicted in contemporary literature into account.
This thesis aims to examine the fictional worlds of Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go with reference to the concepts of biopower and biopolitics put forward by Michel Foucault focusing on the implementation of control mechanisms, reproductive regulations, and techniques of normalization, and to explore the applicability of these concepts. To better understand the concepts of biopower and biopolitics, the literature review begins with an analysis of the concept of power by Foucault. Both novels, which portray dystopian societies, explore how external forces systematically control and shape individuals' bodies, lives, and choices through mechanisms of domination. These novels examine the exercise of total control over the clones and analyse their behaviours within the context of such dystopian societies. The comparative analysis explores the similarities and differences in the representations of biopower within these fictional worlds. The thesis considers how biopolitical mechanisms operate through language, educational institutions, and the regulation of sexuality to produce docile bodies that internalize their own subjugation. In addition, this study analyses the forms of resistance that emerge within totalizing systems by examining the efforts of characters such as Kathy, Tommy, and Miss Lucy in Never Let Me Go, and John the Savage in Brave New World, to assert their autonomy. These acts of defiance highlight critical issues such as free will, the ethical boundaries of biotechnology, and the moral implications of state control over human life. In this thesis, these fictional worlds are examined from a biopolitical perspective, offering a reading and analytical approach that takes the forms of power depicted in contemporary literature into account.
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İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, English Language and Literature
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