Çağdaş oğul: Hamlet'in yeniden yazımları olarak Ölü Babalar Kulübü ve Fındık Kabuğu
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2024
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Open Access Color
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Bu tezde William Shakespeare'in Hamlet adlı eserine odaklanan ve bu eseri yeniden ele alan Matt Haig'in Ölü Babalar Kulübü (2006) ve Ian McEwan'ın Fındık Kabuğu (2016) Harold Bloom'un etkinin endişesi adlı teorisi vasıtasıyla incelenmektedir. Bloom'un aynı ismi taşıyan Etkilenme Endişesi (1973) isimli kitabında tanıtılmış olan bu teori bir ata yazarın varisi üzerindeki etkisini ve yeni yazarın bu etkiden kurtulma yollarını açıklar. Bloom altı aşama ve mekanizma sunarak sadece yeni yazarların atalarından kopma sürecini kolaylaştırmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda eleştirmenlerin de incelemelerinde kullanabilecekleri bir yöntem oluşturur. Tez boyunca etkilenmenin endişesi teorisi bağlamında incelenen bu eserlerin öncelikle bu etkiden kurtulmak için izledikleri yollar, daha sonra ise bu çabanın sonucunda eserlerin merkezinde barındırdıkları hikâyeyi yansıtış şekilleri ve sebepleri sorgulanarak gözlemlenir. Her ne kadar merkezlerinde Shakespeare'in Hamlet'ini barındırsalar da hem Ölü Babalar Kulübü (2006), hem de Fındık Kabuğu (2016) yazım süreçlerinde merkezlerinde barındırdıkları bu hikâyeyi kendi amaçlarına uygun olarak yeniden yapılandırırlar. Etkilenme endişesi teorisi ile incelenmesi sonucunda bu eserlerin Hamlet'in merkezindeki hikâyeyi barındırmalarıyla beraber aynı zamanda eserlerinin merkezinde Hamlet'ten farklı bir yapı ve amaç barındırmaları dolayısıyla bireysel birer yeniden yazım oldukları gözlemlenir. Bu tezde Ölü Babalar Kulübü'nde (2006) dramatik bir olay yaşayan on bir yaşında çağdaş bir evlat üzerinden babanın hayaletinin psikolojik bir ürün olarak sunulduğu ve bu vasıtayla yazarın anlatıcısının bu tecrübesine odaklandığı, Fındık Kabuğu'nda (2016) ise Hamlet'i bir fetüse indirgeyerek ve Shakespeare'in Hamlet'inin düşünmek için ihtiyaç duyduğu alanı ona sağlayarak baş karakterinin ikilemlerinin derinine inip verilecek kararın Hamlet'in inisiyatifine bırakıldığı, böylece toplumsal ve geleneksel beklentiler yerine nihai kararın vicdan ve sevgi temeline dayandığı gösterilmektedir.
In this thesis, Matt Haig's Dead Fathers Club (2006), and Ian McEwan's Nutshell (2016), are being examined within the theoretical framework of Harold Bloom's anxiety of influence. The theory which is introduced in and named after Bloom's Anxiety of Influence (1973) explains the influence of literary ancestors on new authors, and the means by making use of which the new authors save themselves from this influence. Bloom does not only help these authors in the process of creation to save themselves from their influential literary ancestors by providing six terms and mechanisms, but he also produces a method which can be used by critics in the process of examination as well. Initially, the paths these works take in order to avoid the influence of the ancestor, and then, their ways and reasons of reflecting the story in their centres are questioned and examined throughout this thesis. Even though both Dead Fathers Club (2006) and Nutshell (2016) contain the story of Shakespeare's Hamlet in their centre, both of these works appropriate Hamlet's story in accordance with their aims. By examining these works within Bloom's theoretical framework, these works qualify the description of rewriting by possessing Hamlet's story while bringing different aspects of the protagonist into their centres. This thesis claims that Dead Fathers Club (2006) introduces an eleven-year-old contemporary son who experiences a dramatic event in order to highlight the experience of its narrator by presenting the ghost of Old Hamlet as a psychological product while Nutshell (2016) provides a personal space to Hamlet by relocating him into his mother's womb where he becomes physically unable to act, which forces him to focus on his thoughts, and, by intense examination of the foetus, Nutshell provides the final decision of the protagonist as an outcome of conscience and love, rather than cultural and societal expectations.
In this thesis, Matt Haig's Dead Fathers Club (2006), and Ian McEwan's Nutshell (2016), are being examined within the theoretical framework of Harold Bloom's anxiety of influence. The theory which is introduced in and named after Bloom's Anxiety of Influence (1973) explains the influence of literary ancestors on new authors, and the means by making use of which the new authors save themselves from this influence. Bloom does not only help these authors in the process of creation to save themselves from their influential literary ancestors by providing six terms and mechanisms, but he also produces a method which can be used by critics in the process of examination as well. Initially, the paths these works take in order to avoid the influence of the ancestor, and then, their ways and reasons of reflecting the story in their centres are questioned and examined throughout this thesis. Even though both Dead Fathers Club (2006) and Nutshell (2016) contain the story of Shakespeare's Hamlet in their centre, both of these works appropriate Hamlet's story in accordance with their aims. By examining these works within Bloom's theoretical framework, these works qualify the description of rewriting by possessing Hamlet's story while bringing different aspects of the protagonist into their centres. This thesis claims that Dead Fathers Club (2006) introduces an eleven-year-old contemporary son who experiences a dramatic event in order to highlight the experience of its narrator by presenting the ghost of Old Hamlet as a psychological product while Nutshell (2016) provides a personal space to Hamlet by relocating him into his mother's womb where he becomes physically unable to act, which forces him to focus on his thoughts, and, by intense examination of the foetus, Nutshell provides the final decision of the protagonist as an outcome of conscience and love, rather than cultural and societal expectations.
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İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, English Language and Literature
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128