Perakende İşletmelerde İç Kontrol Riskleri ve Önlemleri
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Date
2020
Authors
Gök, Mustafa Can
Yanık, Zeki
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Perakende satış işletmelerini, farklı nitelikteki bireysel müşterilerin fazla sayıda ihtiyacını, diğer işletmelere göre daha kalabalık ve tek alanda karşılayan işletme grubu olarak tanımlamak hiç yanlış olmaz. Bu işletmeler gelişen teknolojinin desteği ile tüketicilerin değişen davranış ve tüketim kalıplarına en iyi karşılık verebilen işletmeler olarak da nitelenebilir. Herhangi bir ailenin sabah kahvaltısı dâhil, aylık tüm ihtiyaçlarını, hatta otomobil, bahçe mobilyası, ev tamir malzemesi gibi ihtiyaç malzemelerini, seyahat rezervasyonu ve tatil planını aynı yerde bir gün içinde karşılamak ancak bu tür işletmelerin eseri olabilir. Bu tür işletmelerin müşteri yoğunluğuna göre istihdam edecekleri personel yoğunluğu, günlük yapılan cirolar, müşterilerin kaprisleri veya nazları, rakipler ile rekabet gibi durumlar değerlendirildiğinde yönetimi oldukça zor olarak kabul edilebilecek bir sektör doğmaktadır. Bu kapsamda gerek günlük iş akışı sırasında çıkan zimmet, hata ve hile riski, gerekse rekabet içinde yarışabilmek için uygun alım politikalarının geliştirilmesi kapsamında riskler bu şirketleri tam bir kıskaca almaktadır. Bu kıskaçtan kurtulabilmenin araçlarından birisi de işletmenin tüm birimlerine yayılmış, işletmenin stratejik amaçlarını kapsayan bir iç kontrol sistemidir. Burada iç kontrol sistemi bir israfı ve zimmeti önleme, aynı zamanda toplumun kurallarına uygun davranış modeli ile kurumlaşma yolculuğunun aracı olarak görülmektedir. Yönetimin, verimliliği artırmak, kaçak ve kayba engel olmak ve itibar kaybı riskinden korunmak amacıyla oluşturduğu sistematik önlemlere (kontrollere) iç kontrol sistemi denmektedir. İç kontrol sisteminin oluşturulması ile işletmenin faaliyetlerini etkin bir seviyede devam ettirmesi, varlıkların korunması, rekabet gücünü artırması, işletme içerisinde ki hata, hile ve hırsızlığın engellenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Günümüzde birçok uluslararası komisyonun oluşturduğu iç kontrole ilişkin modeller bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada COSO modeli temelinde incelemeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma boyunca hedef nokta olarak genel ürün odaklı perakende mağazalar baz alınmıştır. Süreçler incelenerek, birimler bazında kontrol noktaları oluşturulmuş ve kontrol noktalarının amaçları açıklanmıştır.
It would not to be false to determine the retail enterprises as a group which provides the numerous needs of various individual customers, in one area and in a crowded community in comparison to other enterprises. These enterprises can be characterized as the enterprises which respond to changing behaviors and consumption models of customers with the support of the progressing technology. It merely can be the work of these kinds of enterprises to respond to the things such as monthly needs of any family including breakfast and even the need such as automobile, garden furniture, repair tools, booking for trips and planning vacations, within a day in one area. A sector with strenuous management arises when the factors such as workers to be employed with respect to customer density of the enterprise, daily profits, complaints and grievances of the customers and completion with other companies are evaluated together. In this regard, risks of embezzlement, failure and duplicity which occur in daily work – flow and the risks of improving proper buying policies to race in competition put those companies in a hard position. One of the tools in order to overcome this hard position is an internal control system, which spreads in every unit of the enterprise and embraces the strategic purposes of the enterprise. Here, internal control system is regarded as a tool to prevent wastage and embezzlement and also a tool to become an institution with a behavior model in accordance with societal rules. The systematic measures (control) created by the management in order to increase efficiency, prevent leakage and loss and to get prevented from the risk of loss of reputation are called internal control systems. The aim of an internal control system is for prevention of failure, cheating and robbery, increasing competing power, protection of the assets and to for enterprise to resume its activities with an effective level. Nowadays, there are models regarding internal control system created by numerous internal commissions. In this study, examinations are made with COSO models as the baseline. Throughout the study, general product, oriented retail stores were taken as the target point. By examining the processes, control points were created on the basis of units and the objective of the control points were explained.
It would not to be false to determine the retail enterprises as a group which provides the numerous needs of various individual customers, in one area and in a crowded community in comparison to other enterprises. These enterprises can be characterized as the enterprises which respond to changing behaviors and consumption models of customers with the support of the progressing technology. It merely can be the work of these kinds of enterprises to respond to the things such as monthly needs of any family including breakfast and even the need such as automobile, garden furniture, repair tools, booking for trips and planning vacations, within a day in one area. A sector with strenuous management arises when the factors such as workers to be employed with respect to customer density of the enterprise, daily profits, complaints and grievances of the customers and completion with other companies are evaluated together. In this regard, risks of embezzlement, failure and duplicity which occur in daily work – flow and the risks of improving proper buying policies to race in competition put those companies in a hard position. One of the tools in order to overcome this hard position is an internal control system, which spreads in every unit of the enterprise and embraces the strategic purposes of the enterprise. Here, internal control system is regarded as a tool to prevent wastage and embezzlement and also a tool to become an institution with a behavior model in accordance with societal rules. The systematic measures (control) created by the management in order to increase efficiency, prevent leakage and loss and to get prevented from the risk of loss of reputation are called internal control systems. The aim of an internal control system is for prevention of failure, cheating and robbery, increasing competing power, protection of the assets and to for enterprise to resume its activities with an effective level. Nowadays, there are models regarding internal control system created by numerous internal commissions. In this study, examinations are made with COSO models as the baseline. Throughout the study, general product, oriented retail stores were taken as the target point. By examining the processes, control points were created on the basis of units and the objective of the control points were explained.
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Keywords
İşletme, COSO tabanlı denetim tekniği, Perakende satış işletmeleri, Business Administration, Perakende sektörü, COSO-based process control technique, Retail enterprises, Perakendeciler, Retail sector, Risk, Retailers, Risk, İç denetim ve iç kontrol, Internal control and internal audit
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137