Uluslararası özel hukukta tüketici sözleşmelerine uygulanacak hukuk

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2021

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Law
(2003)
Started in 2003 with 21 students, the Atılım University School of Law has so far graduated over 1700 students, and currently offers education for more than 1300 students. With the aim stressed by our Founding Dean Prof. Dr. Nami Çağan, we grant students with the background that allows them to access and evaluate information, rather than overloading them with information dumps during our education and training in the field of law. With a curriculum prepared with this approach and our mission in mind, we aim to graduate our students as actual legal experts who have internalized ethical rules, who are knowledgeable in terms of rules and institutions; and who are cultured, versatile, broad-visioned and inquisitive. In addition to basic courses in law conducted by our academic staff as pioneers of their field with respect to these principles, elective courses are available pursuant to current events such as those in mediation for legal disagreements, law and women, sports law, informatics law, media law and legal English; as well as law clinics to offer effective and interactive education. In addition, graduate and doctorate degree programs, alongside certificate programs such as those to train experts, peace-makers, mediators, and trustees in composition, are underway. A member of the European Law Faculties Association (ELFA), our School offers international relations and events, the Erasmus+ program, national and international fictional court contests, law and art days prepared by our student networks, or career forums in law to collaborate in the personal development of our students.

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Çalışmamızın konusu uluslararası özel hukukta tüketici sözleşmelerine uygulanacak hukukun tespitinden ibarettir. Milletlerarası tüketici akitlerinin sayısı ve çeşitliliğinin, teknolojinin ilerleyişi, tüketicilerin mal veya hizmete ulaşmasında elektronik vasıtaların yerinin artışı ve lojistik hizmetlerinin dünyanın her yerini bütün bir ağ ile bağlaması neticesinde çoğalması akabinde sözleşmelere uygulanacak hukukun tespiti, özellikle sözleşmenin güçlü tarafına karşı korunmaya ihtiyaç duyan tüketiciler için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Konuya ilişkin olarak, birinci bölümde tüketici ve tüketici sözleşmelerinin ülkemizde, uluslararası alanda ülkeler ve çeşitli kuruluşlar bazındaki tarihsel süreci ve tanımları olmak üzere çeşitli gelişmeler üzerinde durulmuş olup, uluslararası hukukun temel yapı taşlarından biri olan yabancılık unsuruna değinilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, sözleşme ilişkisi içine giren tarafların hukuk seçme serbestisi özgürlüğü nazarında, hukuk seçiminin şartları ve kapsamı incelenmiş olup, bu konuda yer alan milletlerarası düzenlemeler, karşılaştırmalı hukuk örnekleri ve ülkemizde geçmişten günümüze yaşanan süreç ve teknolojinin gelişmesine bağlı olarak elektronik sözleşmeler dahil olmak üzere sübjektif bağlama kuralı ele alınmıştır. Ardından, tarafların sözleşme ilişkisine girdikleri sırada hukuk seçimi yapmamış olmaları halinde uygulanacak hukukun tespitinin nasıl olacağı ve doğrudan uygulanan kurallar ile birlikte elektronik sözleşmeler dahil olmak üzere objektif bağlama kuralı incelenmiştir. Son olarak, sonuç kısmında da iki bölümden oluşan incelememize dair bir genelleme yapılarak, değerlendirmelerimizle birlikte görüşlerimize yer verilmiştir.
The subject of this thesis is determination of the applicable law to be practiced on consumer contracts in international private law. Technological advancements, increasing role of electronic devices for consumers to access goods and services, and connection of different parts of the world by logistical services resulted in an increase in the variety and number of international consumer agreements. Therefore, determination of appropriate law to be practiced on these contracts gained utmost importance for consumers who are in need of legal protection against powerful sides of these agreements. In the first section of this thesis, historical trajectory and definitions of consumer and consumer contracts on national and international levels are discussed. As a foundational part of international law, the element of foreignness is also further elaborated on. In the second section, the conditions and extent of choice of law clauses as a legal right of contracting parties is analyzed. In addition, subjective conflicts rule is evaluated with respect to international regulations for choice of law clauses, examples from comparative law, and electronical agreements used as a result of technological advancements in the context of Turkey. Furthermore, objective conflict rule is discussed, including electronic contracts, specifically for cases where contracting parties have not chosen the applicable law clauses. Here, rules that apply directly as well as methods of determining applicable law clauses are further explained. Lastly, in conclusion section a general discussion on matters discussed in the main two sections is presented and final remarks are offered.

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Hukuk, Law

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126