TMS 21 kur değişimin etkileri standardı kapsamında kur farklarının muhasebeleştirilmesi ve raporlanması
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Date
2017
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Küreselleşmenin ivme kazanması ile ortaya çıkan gelişmeler, daha fazla işletmenin uluslararası pazarlarda faaliyet göstermesinin önünü açmış ve ülke ekonomileri çok daha yakın hale gelmiştir. Bu süreçte işletmelerin artan rekabet karşısında gerçeğe uygun bir şekilde bilgileri sunması ve analiz edebilmesi gereklidir. Bununla beraber ülkelerin uyguladıkları muhasebe sistemlerinin birbirinden farklı olması, muhasebe uygulamalarının karşılaştırılmasını zorlaştırmış; bu durum finansal rapor ve tablolarda belirli bir standardın uygulanmasını, tablo ve raporların şeffaf, anlaşılabilir ve karşılaştırılabilir olmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Tüm dünyada kabul edilecek ve uygulanabilecek temel muhasebe standartları olan Uluslararası Muhasebe Standartlarını yayınlaması ile uygulanan standartların yakınlaştırarak finansal tabloların karşılaştırılabilir olmasına olanak sağlama amacındaki Uluslararası Muhasebe Standartları Komitesi (IASC) 1973'te oluşturulmuş ve 2000 yılına kadar görev yapan IASC tarafından yayınlanan standartlar Uluslararası Muhasebe Standartları (UMS) olarak adlandırılmıştır. 2000 yılı ile görevin Uluslararası Muhasebe Standartları Kurulu (IASB)'na devri ile beraber, IASB tarafından yayınlanan standartlar Uluslararası Finansal Raporlama Standartları (UFRS) adı almıştır. 2002'de Avrupa Birliği'nin 2005 itibari ile mali tablolarını uluslararası muhasebe standartlarına uygun hazırlaması kararını alması ardından Türkiye de UFRS'ler ile uyum çalışmalarına başlamış, yeni TTK'nın yürürlüğe girmesi ardından Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları, Uluslararası Finansal Raporlama Standartlarının birebir çevirisi olarak, Kamu Gözetim Kurumu tarafından yayınlanmaya başlamıştır. Çalışma kapsamında incelenecek TMS 21 Kur Değişimleri Standardı ise kur farkları, yabancı para işlemleri ve yurt dışındaki faaliyetlerle ilgili muhasebe uygulamalarını belirlemek amacıyla yürürlüğe girmiştir. Genel olarak standart yabancı para cinsinden yapılan işlemlerin ve yurtdışındaki işletmelerin finansal tablolara nasıl dâhil edileceğini ve finansal tablolarda kullanılan para birimine nasıl çevrileceğini göstermektedir. Çalışma 4 temel bölümden oluşmaktadır. Buna göre birinci bölümde Uluslararası Muhasebe Standartları ve Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları ile ilgili genel bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirecektir. İkinci bölümde kur farklılıklarının muhasebeleştirilmesi ve Türk mevzuat sisteminde kur farkları ile ilgili işlemler ve üçüncü bölümde Kur Değişiminin Etkileri Standardı değerlendirilecektir. Son olarak temel inceleme alanımızı oluşturduğu üzere dördüncü bölümde Standart kapsamında kur farklarının raporlanmasına ilişkin bir örnek uygulamaya yer verilecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Uluslararası muhasebe, mali muhasebe, uluslararası muhasebe standartları, döviz kuru uluslararası muhasebe
Developments resulting from the acceleration of globalization have paved the way for more enterprises to operate in international markets and brought national economies much closer. In this process enterprises need to present and analyze information in a fashion consistent with the facts in the face of increasing competition. Different account systems applied in different countries have made it difficult to compare accounting practices which made it necessary to make sure that a specific standard is used in financial reports and statements and to make them transparent, understandable, and comparable. Aimed at ensuring that financial statements are comparable by harmonizing applicable standards after releasing the International Accounting Standards, which are the basic accounting standards that can be recognized and applied throughout the world, the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) was set up in 1973 and standards issued by IASC which functioned until 2000 were called the International Accounting Standards (IAS). When the mandate was handed over to the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in 2000, standards issued by IASB were dubbed the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Following the European Union's 2002 decision stating that financial statements should be drawn up in accordance with international accounting standards starting from 2005, Turkey initiated efforts to ensure harmonization with IFRS. When the new Turkish Commercial Code was put into effect, the Public Supervision Agency started issuing Turkish Accounting Standards as the exact translation of International Financial Reporting Standards. Ms 21 Standard on the Effects of Exchange Rate Variations, which will be analyzed as part of the study, was put into effect in order to establish accounting practices related to exchange rate differences, foreign currency transactions, and operations abroad. In general, the standard shows how transactions carried out in a foreign currency and enterprises based abroad can be included in financial statements and how they can be converted into the currency used in such financial statements. The study basically consists of 4 main sections. The first section will be a general screening of literature regarding the International Accounting Standards and the Turkish Accounting Standards. The second section will focus on the recognition of exchange rate differences and transactions related to exchange rate differences in the Turkish legislative system while the third section will analyze the Standard on the Effects of Exchange Rate Variations. Finally, the fourth section, which is the main area of our study, will present an example related to the reporting of exchange rate differences under the Standard. Key Words: international accounting, financial accounting, internationalaccounting standarts, exchance rate
Developments resulting from the acceleration of globalization have paved the way for more enterprises to operate in international markets and brought national economies much closer. In this process enterprises need to present and analyze information in a fashion consistent with the facts in the face of increasing competition. Different account systems applied in different countries have made it difficult to compare accounting practices which made it necessary to make sure that a specific standard is used in financial reports and statements and to make them transparent, understandable, and comparable. Aimed at ensuring that financial statements are comparable by harmonizing applicable standards after releasing the International Accounting Standards, which are the basic accounting standards that can be recognized and applied throughout the world, the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) was set up in 1973 and standards issued by IASC which functioned until 2000 were called the International Accounting Standards (IAS). When the mandate was handed over to the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in 2000, standards issued by IASB were dubbed the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Following the European Union's 2002 decision stating that financial statements should be drawn up in accordance with international accounting standards starting from 2005, Turkey initiated efforts to ensure harmonization with IFRS. When the new Turkish Commercial Code was put into effect, the Public Supervision Agency started issuing Turkish Accounting Standards as the exact translation of International Financial Reporting Standards. Ms 21 Standard on the Effects of Exchange Rate Variations, which will be analyzed as part of the study, was put into effect in order to establish accounting practices related to exchange rate differences, foreign currency transactions, and operations abroad. In general, the standard shows how transactions carried out in a foreign currency and enterprises based abroad can be included in financial statements and how they can be converted into the currency used in such financial statements. The study basically consists of 4 main sections. The first section will be a general screening of literature regarding the International Accounting Standards and the Turkish Accounting Standards. The second section will focus on the recognition of exchange rate differences and transactions related to exchange rate differences in the Turkish legislative system while the third section will analyze the Standard on the Effects of Exchange Rate Variations. Finally, the fourth section, which is the main area of our study, will present an example related to the reporting of exchange rate differences under the Standard. Key Words: international accounting, financial accounting, internationalaccounting standarts, exchance rate
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İşletme, Döviz kuru, Finansal muhasebe, Genel muhasebe, Kur farkı, Business Administration, Exchange rate, Raporlama, Financial account, Standartlar, General account, Rate of change differences, Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları, Reporting, Standards, Uluslararası Muhasebe Standartları, Turkish Accounting Standarts, Uluslararası muhasebe, International Accounting Standarts, International accounting, Vergi muhasebesi, Tax accounting
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