Camilerde evrensel tasarım ilkelerinin değerlendirilmesi: Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Camii örneği
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2024
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Kişinin bedensel özellikleri gereğince içinde bulunduğu ortamda hareket imkânı bulamamasıyla birlikte erişilebilirlik düzeyinde zorluklar meydana gelmektedir. Bu durum kişinin büyük ölçüde sosyal hayattan kopmasına yol açmaktadır. Özellikle engelli kişilerin kendi hayatı içerisinde kısıtlamalar olmadan hareket edebilmesi, arzu ettiği yere kolay bir şekilde ulaşabilmesi, ulaşımı sağlayacak bütün imkânlardan diğerleri ile eşit şartlarda faydalanabilmesi gibi yaşamsal haklara sahip olması gereklidir. Buna bağlı olarak toplumun her alanında bulunan mekânların engelli ve engelsiz bireylerin fiziksel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmek için tasarlanması oldukça önemlidir. Yapılan bu tasarımlar toplumsal bütünleşmede oldukça önemli bir role sahiptir. Bununla birlikte bu tasarımların, engelli bireylerin sosyal hayatta var olması için önem arz ettiği de unutulmamalıdır. Toplumda kullanılan kamusal ya da özel tüm mekânlarda erişilebilir tasarımların bulunmasıyla birlikte engelli ve özürlü bireylerin sosyal hayata tam kapasiteyle katılımı sağlanabilir. Buradan yola çıkılarak bireyin en temel hak ve özgürlüklerinden olan ibadet özgürlüğünün sağlanabilmesi için de, gerekli tasarımların doğru yapılması gerektiği unutulmamalıdır. Engelli ve özürlü bireyler, evrensel tasarım kriterlerine uygun tasarlanmadığı için çoğu mekânda yardımsız hareket edememektedir. Ortaya çıkan bu durum ise bağımsız bir şekilde hareket imkânı bulamayan bireyin zaman içerisinde kendini toplumdan soyutlamasına yol açmaktadır. Bütün bu faktörlere bağlı bir şekilde evrensel tasarım ilkeleri ışığında Ahmet Hamdi Akseki caminin tasarım kriterleri belirlenmiş ve belli başlı bazı standartlar dâhilinde caminin tasarım kriterlerine uyup uymadığı konusu incelenmiştir. Caminin bütün bireylere erişilebilir imkânlar tanıyıp tanımadığı değerlendirilmiş ve camide incelenmiş mekânlar doğrultusunda literatürde yer alan evrensel tasarım ilkelerinin ne kadar karşılandığı değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Hazırlanan bu çalışmanın literatürde yer alan diğer çalışmalara örnek teşkil edeceği ve aynı zamanda evrensel tasarım ilkelerine yönelik rehberlik edebileceği öngörülmektedir.
Difficulties occur at the level of accessibility as the person cannot find the opportunity to move in the environment they are in due to their bodily characteristics. This situation causes to break away from social life to a large extend. In particular, people with disabilities should have vital rights such as being able to move freely in their own lives, reach their desired destinations easily, and benefit from all means of transportation on an equal basis with others. Accordingly, it is very important that the places in the society are designed to meet the physical needs of disabled and non-disabled individuals. These designs have a very important role in social integration. However, it should not be forgotten that these designs are important for the existence of disabled people in social life. With the availability of accessible designs in all public or private places used in the society, full participation of disabled and handicapped individuals in social life can be ensured. It should not be forgotten that the necessary designs must be made correctly in order to ensure the freedom of worship, which is one of the most fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. Disabled and handicapped individuals cannot move unaided in most spaces as they are not designed in accordance with universal design criteria. This situation causes the disabled and handicapped individuals, who cannot find the opportunity to act independently, to isolate themselves from the society over time. Based on all these factors, the design criteria of the Ahmet Hamdi Akseki mosque were determined in the light of universal design principles and it was examined whether the mosque complies with the design criteria within certain standards. It has been evaluated whether the mosque provides accessible opportunities to all individuals and it has been tried to evaluate how well the universal design principles in the literature are met. It is envisaged that this study will set an example for other studies in the literature and also guide towards universal design principles.
Difficulties occur at the level of accessibility as the person cannot find the opportunity to move in the environment they are in due to their bodily characteristics. This situation causes to break away from social life to a large extend. In particular, people with disabilities should have vital rights such as being able to move freely in their own lives, reach their desired destinations easily, and benefit from all means of transportation on an equal basis with others. Accordingly, it is very important that the places in the society are designed to meet the physical needs of disabled and non-disabled individuals. These designs have a very important role in social integration. However, it should not be forgotten that these designs are important for the existence of disabled people in social life. With the availability of accessible designs in all public or private places used in the society, full participation of disabled and handicapped individuals in social life can be ensured. It should not be forgotten that the necessary designs must be made correctly in order to ensure the freedom of worship, which is one of the most fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. Disabled and handicapped individuals cannot move unaided in most spaces as they are not designed in accordance with universal design criteria. This situation causes the disabled and handicapped individuals, who cannot find the opportunity to act independently, to isolate themselves from the society over time. Based on all these factors, the design criteria of the Ahmet Hamdi Akseki mosque were determined in the light of universal design principles and it was examined whether the mosque complies with the design criteria within certain standards. It has been evaluated whether the mosque provides accessible opportunities to all individuals and it has been tried to evaluate how well the universal design principles in the literature are met. It is envisaged that this study will set an example for other studies in the literature and also guide towards universal design principles.
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İç Mimari ve Dekorasyon, Interior Design and Decoration
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129