Otoriter eğilimli yönetimlerin yargı bağımsızlığını etkileme stratejileri: Polonya ve Macaristan örneklerinin incelenmesi
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2024
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Günümüzde demokrasiler, bir gerileyiş evresine girmiş görünmektedirler. Küresel düzlemde demokratik standartlarda bir gerileme anlamına gelen bu durum açısından yargı bağımsızlığının demokrasi ve özgürlüklerin korunmasında önemi ve oynadığı rol daha da anlam kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, iktidara gelen otoriter eğilimli yönetimlerin demokrasinin korunmasında kilit rol oynayan yargı bağımsızlığını zayıflatarak üzerlerindeki yatay hesap verebilirlik ile denge ve denetim mekanizmalarından kurtularak yetki alanlarını genişletmek için kullandıkları üç temel kurumsal strateji olan kolonizasyon, kopyalama ve kaçınma stratejilerini incelemektedir. Yürütmenin genişlemesi amacıyla kullanılan üç kurumsal müdahale stratejisi, Macaristan ve Polonya örnekleri üzerinden incelenmektedir. Söz konusu iki ülkenin örnek vakalar olarak seçilmesinde benzer totaliter tarihsel deneyim mirası, demokratikleşme süreci geçmişi ve birbirine yakın ideolojik konumdaki otoriter eğilimli yönetimlerin yargı bağımsızlığına yönelik sistemli müdahaleler gerçekleştirmiş olması gibi benzerlikler etkili olmuştur.
Today, democracies seem to have entered a phase of regression. In this situation, which means a decline in democratic standards at the global level, the importance and role of judicial independence in the protection of democracy and freedoms becomes more meaningful. This study examines three main institutional strategies colonization, duplication and evasion used by authoritarian-oriented administrations to expand their jurisdiction by weakening the independence of the judiciary, which plays a key role in the protection of democracy, and by getting rid of horizontal accountability and checks and balances. The three institutional intervention strategies used for executive aggrandizement are analyzed through the cases of Hungary and Poland. The selection of these two countries as case studies was influenced by similarities such as a similar legacy of totalitarian historical experience, a history of democratization processes, and the fact that authoritarian-oriented administrations with similar ideological positions have systematically intervened in judicial independence.
Today, democracies seem to have entered a phase of regression. In this situation, which means a decline in democratic standards at the global level, the importance and role of judicial independence in the protection of democracy and freedoms becomes more meaningful. This study examines three main institutional strategies colonization, duplication and evasion used by authoritarian-oriented administrations to expand their jurisdiction by weakening the independence of the judiciary, which plays a key role in the protection of democracy, and by getting rid of horizontal accountability and checks and balances. The three institutional intervention strategies used for executive aggrandizement are analyzed through the cases of Hungary and Poland. The selection of these two countries as case studies was influenced by similarities such as a similar legacy of totalitarian historical experience, a history of democratization processes, and the fact that authoritarian-oriented administrations with similar ideological positions have systematically intervened in judicial independence.
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Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
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126