Armonize mal tanımı ve kodlama sistemi için doğal dil işleme kullanarak ontoloji oluşturulması

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2016

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Turhan, Çiğdem

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Open Access Color

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Software Engineering
(2005)
Department of Software Engineering was founded in 2005 as the first department in Ankara in Software Engineering. The recent developments in current technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Big Data, and Blockchains, have placed Software Engineering among the top professions of today, and the future. The academic and research activities in the department are pursued with qualified faculty at Undergraduate, Graduate and Doctorate Degree levels. Our University is one of the two universities offering a Doctorate-level program in this field. In addition to focusing on the basic phases of software (analysis, design, development, testing) and relevant methodologies in detail, our department offers education in various areas of expertise, such as Object-oriented Analysis and Design, Human-Computer Interaction, Software Quality Assurance, Software Requirement Engineering, Software Design and Architecture, Software Project Management, Software Testing and Model-Driven Software Development. The curriculum of our Department is catered to graduate individuals who are prepared to take part in any phase of software development of large-scale software in line with the requirements of the software sector. Department of Software Engineering is accredited by MÜDEK (Association for Evaluation and Accreditation of Engineering Programs) until September 30th, 2021, and has been granted the EUR-ACE label that is valid in Europe. This label provides our graduates with a vital head-start to be admitted to graduate-level programs, and into working environments in European Union countries. The Big Data and Cloud Computing Laboratory, as well as MobiLab where mobile applications are developed, SimLAB, the simulation laboratory for Medical Computing, and software education laboratories of the department are equipped with various software tools and hardware to enable our students to use state-of-the-art software technologies. Our graduates are employed in software and R&D companies (Technoparks), national/international institutions developing or utilizing software technologies (such as banks, healthcare institutions, the Information Technologies departments of private and public institutions, telecommunication companies, TÜİK, SPK, BDDK, EPDK, RK, or universities), and research institutions such TÜBİTAK.

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Dünya Gümrük Örgütü (DGÖ) gümrük idarelerinin etkinliğini ve verimliliğini artırmayı hedef edinmiş hükümetler arası bir kuruluştur. DGÖ dış ticaret için ortak bir kod sistemi sağlamaktadır. Armonize Mal Tanımı ve Kodlama Sistemi (Armonize Sistem-AS) diye adlandırılan bu sistem, 5000 farklı kod numarası içeren uluslararası bir ticari sınıflandırma sistemidir. Sistem uzman ya da uzman olmayan gümrük memurları ve ticaret yapmak isteyen insanlar tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Mevcut sistemin temel sorunu; AS kodu tespiti işlemlerinin ancak konu uzmanları tarafından yapılabilmesi ve uzamn olmayan kişilerce yapılamamasıdır. Ontolojiler semantik yapıyı gösteren güçlü araçlardır. Büyük ölçekli ontolojilerin yapılandırılması zor ve zaman alıcıdır. Doğal Dil İşleme (DDİ) kullanımı ontolojileri oluşturmak için etkili bir yoldur. Bu çalışmada, ana amaç AS kodları için Türkçe doğal dil işleme yapılarak ontoloji oluşturmaktır. Oluşturulan ontolojinin AS kodlarının tespit edilmesinde üç hayati fayda sağlaması beklenmektedir. Oluşturulan ontolojide AS kodları ürünlerin tariflerinden yola çıkarak tanımlanmış, böylece uzman olmayan kişilerin Türkçe kullanarak AS kodlarını tespit etmeleri sağlanmıştır. İkinci olarak, sistemi bir ontoloji üzerine kurmak ontolojilerin doğal yapıları sayesinde, ürünler ve aralarındaki ilişkilerin tanımlanmasıyla sistemin esneklik ve düşük maliyet ile çalışmasını sağlamaktadır. Son olarak, literatürde, Türk gümrüklerinde kullanılan böyle bir arama sistemi bulunmamaktadır. Bu tez, ontoloji oluşturma ve Türkçe dil işleme kullanarak aramada yeni bir bakış açısı sağlarken, oldukça kullanışlı yeni bir metod ve esnek bir arama sistemi yaklaşımı sunmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ontoloji, Doğal Dil İşleme, Protégé, Armonize Mal Tanımı ve Kodlama Sistem
World Custom Organization (WCO) is an interdependent intergovernmental organization whose mission is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of customs administrations. WCO provides a shared code system for foreign trade namely, Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) which is an international trade classification system including 5000 different code numbers. This system is used by custom's officers and traders who may or may not be expert users. The main problem of the existing system is that HS Code determination process can only be done by experts and not by non-specialists. Ontologies are strong tools for representing the semantic structure. However, constructing large scale ontologies is hard and time consuming. Using Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an efficient way to construct ontologies. In this study, the main goal is to develop an ontology for HS codes using Turkish natural language processing. The constructed ontology is expected to provide three vital benefits for users in determining the correct HS code. Since the constructed ontology defines the HS code with respect to the definition of the products, any user will be able to identify any products' HS code using Turkish language. Second, using an ontology behind the system provides flexibility and cost efficiency where all the products and their relations are processed and recognized by the ontologys' natural framework. Third, in the literature there have not been any studies that have developed such a search system for Turkish customs. This thesis provides new perspective for ontology construction and searching using Turkish NLP that is a promising novel method and a flexible approach for any querying systems. Keywords: Ontology, Natural Language Processing, Protégé, Harmonized Commodity Description System.

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Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bilimleri-Bilgisayar ve Kontrol, Computer Engineering and Computer Science and Control, Ontoloji, Ontology

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145