Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi: Cibuti ve Pakistan Örnekleri
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Date
2021
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Bu çalışma Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti tarafından başlatılan Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi'nin Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti dış politikası açısından hedeflerini ortaya çıkartmak için yapılmıştır. Bu nedenle Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti içerisindeki ekonomik ve siyasi koşullar çerçevesinde Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi'ni meydana getiren gelişmeler incelenmiştir. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti ekonomisinin son yıllarda karşı karşıya kaldığı zorluklara Xi Jinping döneminde proaktif politikaların izlenerek çeşitli çözümler geliştirildiği görülmüştür. Nihayetinde çeşitli siyasi ve ekonomik sorunlara çözüm ihtiyacı ile başlatılan Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti dış politikası için ekonomik ve siyasi kazanımları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan çoklu durum çalışması (çoklu vaka çalışması) kullanılmıştır. Cibuti Cumhuriyeti ve Pakistan İslam Cumhuriyeti iki durum olarak ele alınarak Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi hakkında derinlemesine araştırma yapılmıştır. Ele alınan vakaların her ikisinde de deniz haydutluğu, radikalizm, ayrılıkçılık gibi Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti açısından tehdit unsuru olan çeşitli güvenlik sorunlarının bulunduğu gözlemlenmiş ve bu güvenlik sorunları ile Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi arasındaki ekonomik ve siyasi ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nin Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi sayesinde ekonomik araçlar kullanılarak her iki vakada güvenlik sorunlarının üstesinden gelinmeye çalışıldığı saptanmıştır. Bu yöntemin Batı Kalkınma Stratejisi ile aynı yöntem ve amaçlara sahip olmasından hareketle Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi'nde uygulanan yöntemlerin Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti siyaseti açısından bir sürekliliği yansıttığı, bununla birlikte 'bağlantı' kavramı sayesinde özellikle liman bağlantıları aracılığıyla Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nin erişim alanının genişlediği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca pek çok farklı alanda 'Çin Standartları'nın elde edilmeye çalışıldığı ve bu standartların Kuşak ve Yol Girişimindeki altyapı yatırımlarında uygulandığı görülmüştür. Öte yandan Girişim'in çeşitli siyasi, coğrafi, hukuki ve ekonomik sorunlarla karşı karşıya olduğu ve girişimdeki projelerin şeffaflık ve saydamlık gibi çeşitli niteliklerden yoksun olduğu görülmüştür. Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi'nin başarıya ulaşarak yatırım alan ülkelerin refahına ve bölgesel refahlara katkı sağlaması ve Xi Jinping dönemi önemli politika formülasyonu olan Çin Rüyası'nın gerçekleşmesi için, Girişim'in önündeki yatırımların yapıldığı ülkelerdeki sorunlara yönelik çözümler geliştirilmesinin gerekli olduğu saptanmıştır.
This study aims to demonstrate the objectives of the Belt and Road Initiative, launched by the People's Republic of China, in terms of People's Republic of China's foreign policy. Accordingly, the study examines the developments that led to the Belt and Road Initiative within the framework of the economic and political conditions in the People's Republic of China. It has been observed that, following the proactive policies implemented during the Xi Jinping era, People's Republic of China has developed various solutions to overcome the difficulties its economy has faced in recent years. Ultimately, the Belt and Road Initiative, launched to solve various political and economic issues, has brought economic and political gains for People's Republic of China's foreign policy. The study applies the multiple-case study methodology (collective case study), which is one of the qualitative research methods. Addressing the Republic of Djibouti and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan as two separate cases, the study conducts in-depth research on the Belt and Road Initiative. In both cases, it has been found that various security problems pose a threat to People's Republic of China, including piracy, radicalism, and separatism. The study investigates the economic and political relations between these security problems and the Belt and Road Initiative. The study concludes that in both cases, the People's Republic of China has tried to overcome security problems using economic tools under the name of the Belt and Road Initiative. Considering this method carries the same methods and objectives as the Western Development Strategy, the study also concludes that the methods applied in the Belt and Road Initiative reflect continuity in terms of Chinese politics and that owing to the notion of 'connectivity', People's Republic of China 's access area has expanded, especially through port connections. In addition, it has been found that achieving 'Chinese Standards' in many different fields was aimed and these standards were applied in the infrastructure investments of the Belt and Road Initiative. On the other hand, it has been found that the Initiative is facing various political, geographical, legal, and economic issues and that the projects of the Initiative lack various qualities such as transparency. For the Belt and Road Initiative to succeed and contribute to the welfare of the countries and regional prosperity, and to realize the Chinese Dream, which is an important policy formulation of the Xi Jinping era, the study argues that it is necessary to develop solutions to the issues faced by investee countries.
This study aims to demonstrate the objectives of the Belt and Road Initiative, launched by the People's Republic of China, in terms of People's Republic of China's foreign policy. Accordingly, the study examines the developments that led to the Belt and Road Initiative within the framework of the economic and political conditions in the People's Republic of China. It has been observed that, following the proactive policies implemented during the Xi Jinping era, People's Republic of China has developed various solutions to overcome the difficulties its economy has faced in recent years. Ultimately, the Belt and Road Initiative, launched to solve various political and economic issues, has brought economic and political gains for People's Republic of China's foreign policy. The study applies the multiple-case study methodology (collective case study), which is one of the qualitative research methods. Addressing the Republic of Djibouti and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan as two separate cases, the study conducts in-depth research on the Belt and Road Initiative. In both cases, it has been found that various security problems pose a threat to People's Republic of China, including piracy, radicalism, and separatism. The study investigates the economic and political relations between these security problems and the Belt and Road Initiative. The study concludes that in both cases, the People's Republic of China has tried to overcome security problems using economic tools under the name of the Belt and Road Initiative. Considering this method carries the same methods and objectives as the Western Development Strategy, the study also concludes that the methods applied in the Belt and Road Initiative reflect continuity in terms of Chinese politics and that owing to the notion of 'connectivity', People's Republic of China 's access area has expanded, especially through port connections. In addition, it has been found that achieving 'Chinese Standards' in many different fields was aimed and these standards were applied in the infrastructure investments of the Belt and Road Initiative. On the other hand, it has been found that the Initiative is facing various political, geographical, legal, and economic issues and that the projects of the Initiative lack various qualities such as transparency. For the Belt and Road Initiative to succeed and contribute to the welfare of the countries and regional prosperity, and to realize the Chinese Dream, which is an important policy formulation of the Xi Jinping era, the study argues that it is necessary to develop solutions to the issues faced by investee countries.
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, Bir Kuşak Bir Yol Projesi, Cibuti, International Relations, Pakistan, One Belt One Road Project, Djibouti, Uluslararası politika, Pakistan, Çin, International policy, China, İpek Yolu, Silk Road
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