Suriye Baas Partisi'nin İktidar Mücadelesinde Arap Milliyetçiliğinin Rolü
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Date
2019
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Bu çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun son dönemlerinde tohumları atılan ve 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında şekillenmeye başlayan Arap milliyetçiliği akımı ve bu akımın Suriye Baas partisinin kurulmasında ve daha sonra iktidar mücadelesindeki rolünü ele almaktır. Arap milletinin kadim bir etnik kimliğe sahip olmasından dolayı etno-sembolcülük modern milliyetçilikle kadim millet anlayışını birleştiren bir sentez sunduğu için bu teori Arap milliyetçiliğini açıklamakta temel referans noktası olarak kullanılacaktır. Ayrıca Arap kavmi uzun vadeli zaman dilimine yayılmış bir kültürel mirasa ve köklü bir tarihe sahiptir. Bu nedenle çalışmada Fernand Braudel'in üç katmanlı tarih anlayışı uyarınca Arap milliyetçiliğinin tohumlarının atılmasına katkı sağlayan bir dizi olaylara yer verilmiştir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun son dönemi ve Fransız mandasında tohumları atılan Arap milliyetçiliği 1940'lı yıllarda Baas partisiyle birlikte Suriye'de kurumsal bir kimlik kazanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Baas partisinin, Arap milliyetçiliği ve Arap ümmetinin birliği yolunda verdiği mücadele, ideolojik yapısı, şiarı, temel ilkeleri ve hedefleri açıklanmıştır. Son olarak ise, 1951-1970 yılları arasında özellikle Baas partisinin iktidara gelmesiyle gelişen dış politika olayları ve Arap milliyetçiliği ve birliği yolunda verdiği mücadelenin dış politika eylemlerine nasıl yansıdığı ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın temel iddiası, Arap milliyetçiliğini temsil eden, birlik, hürriyet ve sosyalizm ideolojileri ve halen var olan 'Sonsuz Misyona Sahip Tek Arap Ulusu' şiarıyla yola çıkan Baas partisinin uluslararası politikada ve bölgede yaşanan gelişmeler, Suriye içinde yaşanan istikrarsızlıklar ve kaos ortamı sonucunda Arap ümmetini birleştirme yolunda verdiği mücadelede yenik düşmüş olduğudur. Anahtar kelimeler: Baas Partisi, Arap Milliyetçiliği, Birlik, Hürriyet, Sosyalizm
The aim of this study is to explain Arab nationalist movement, which grew as an idea in the final stages of the Ottoman Empire and began to take shape in the last half of the 20th century, and its role in the establishment of the Syrian Ba'ath party and then in the struggle for power. Due to Arab nation's ancient ethnic identity and the fact that ethno-symbolism offers a synthesis that combines modern nationalism with the concept of an ancient nation. Ethno-symbolism will be used as the main reference point for explaining Arab Nationalism. In addition, Arab people have a long-term cultural heritage and a long history. Therefore, the study includes a series of events contributing to the emergence of Arab nationalism in line with the understanding of three-tiered history by Fernand Braudel. Arab nationalism, which emerged ahead of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and during the French Mandate, gained an institutional identity in Syria in 1940s with the Ba'ath party. In this context, the struggle of the Ba'ath Party on the path to Arab nationalism and the unity of the Arab nation, its ideological structure, slogan, basic principles and objectives are detailed. Finally, the study discusses foreign policy events that transpired with the Ba'ath party taking power between 1951 and 1970, and how the party's struggle to achieve Arab nationalism and unity are reflected these foreign policy events. The main argument of the study is that the Ba'ath party, which represents Arab Nationalism, and set out with the ideology of unity, liberty and socialism as well as the ever-alive motto 'One Arab nation, with an eternal mission', was defeated in its struggle to unite the Arab nation, as a result of developments in the international arena and the region and of instability and chaos within Syria. Key Words: Ba'ath Party, Arab Nationalism, Unity, Liberty, Socialism
The aim of this study is to explain Arab nationalist movement, which grew as an idea in the final stages of the Ottoman Empire and began to take shape in the last half of the 20th century, and its role in the establishment of the Syrian Ba'ath party and then in the struggle for power. Due to Arab nation's ancient ethnic identity and the fact that ethno-symbolism offers a synthesis that combines modern nationalism with the concept of an ancient nation. Ethno-symbolism will be used as the main reference point for explaining Arab Nationalism. In addition, Arab people have a long-term cultural heritage and a long history. Therefore, the study includes a series of events contributing to the emergence of Arab nationalism in line with the understanding of three-tiered history by Fernand Braudel. Arab nationalism, which emerged ahead of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and during the French Mandate, gained an institutional identity in Syria in 1940s with the Ba'ath party. In this context, the struggle of the Ba'ath Party on the path to Arab nationalism and the unity of the Arab nation, its ideological structure, slogan, basic principles and objectives are detailed. Finally, the study discusses foreign policy events that transpired with the Ba'ath party taking power between 1951 and 1970, and how the party's struggle to achieve Arab nationalism and unity are reflected these foreign policy events. The main argument of the study is that the Ba'ath party, which represents Arab Nationalism, and set out with the ideology of unity, liberty and socialism as well as the ever-alive motto 'One Arab nation, with an eternal mission', was defeated in its struggle to unite the Arab nation, as a result of developments in the international arena and the region and of instability and chaos within Syria. Key Words: Ba'ath Party, Arab Nationalism, Unity, Liberty, Socialism
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Siyasal Bilimler, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Arap milliyetçiliği, Baas Partisi, Milliyetçilik, Political Science, International Relations, Siyasi parti programları, Arabian nationalism, Siyasi partiler, Ba?th Party, Nationalism, Suriye, Polical party manifests, Political parties, Türk-Suriye ilişkileri, Syria, İktidar, Turkish-Syrian relations, Government, İktidar ilişkileri, Government relations
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