Türk İnşaat Sektöründe 3B Baski Teknolojisinin Benimsenmesini Etkileyen Ana Etkenler ve Engeller

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2025

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Civil Engineering
(2000)
The Atılım University Department of Civil Engineering was founded in 2000 as a pioneer for the Departments of Civil Engineering among the foundation schools of Ankara. It offers education in English. The Department of Civil Engineering has an academic staff qualified in all areas of the education offered. In addition to a high level of academic learning that benefits from learning opportunities through practice at its seven laboratories, the Department also offers a Cooperative Education program conducted in cooperation with renowned organizations in the construction sector. Accredited by MÜDEK (Association of Evaluation and Accreditation of Engineering Programs) (in 2018), our Department has been granted the longest period of accreditation to ever achieve through the association (six years). The accreditation is recognized by ENAEE (European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education), and other international accreditation boards.

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Bu çalışmada, Türk inşaat sektöründe 3B baskı teknolojisinin benimsenmesini etkileyen temel faktörler incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, kapsamlı bir literatür taraması sonucunda 27 teşvik edici ve 19 engelleyici faktör belirlenmiş olup, bu faktörlerin değerlendirmesi 106 uzmandan oluşan bir anket çalışması ile yapılmıştır. Bu faktörlerin önemi, Göreceli Önem İndeksi (GÖİ) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve ardından Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ile faktörlerin önem düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. 3B baskı teknolojisinin daha hızlı inşaat, iş kazalarının azalması, enerji verimliliğinin artması ve karmaşık tasarımların daha kolay uygulanması gibi avantajlar sunduğu görülse de, bu teknolojinin benimsenmesini engelleyen başlıca zorluklar arasında 3B Beton Baskı için yeterli düzenlemelerin ve yapı kodlarının eksikliği, büyük ölçekli uygulamalar konusunda sınırlı bilgi ve yalıtım malzemelerinin yetersizliği yer almaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları, malzeme israfını azaltma ve daha fazla özelleştirme imkânı sağlama gibi faktörlerin 3B baskının inşaat sektöründe benimsenmesinde en önemli etmen olduğunu, gözetim maliyetlerinin azaltılmasının ise en az önemli teşvik edici faktör olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Diğer yandan, siber güvenlik riskleri, potansiyel iş kayıpları ve basılı yapıların katmanlı ve pürüzlü yüzeyleri, en kritik engeller olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırma, 3B baskı teknolojisinin inşaat sektörüne entegrasyonunun artırılması için bu etmenlerin ve engellerin hedefe yönelik stratejilerle ele alınması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.
This study explores the key factors influencing the adoption of 3D printing technology in the construction industry, with a focus on Türkiye. An extensive literature review was conducted to identify 27 drivers and 19 barriers, which were subsequently evaluated through a survey of 106 industry experts. The significance of these factors was assessed using the Relative Importance Index (RII), and further analyzed with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize and determine their relative importance. It is discovered that although 3D printing offers benefits such as faster construction, reduced site accidents, improved energy efficiency, and ease in implementing complex designs, its adoption is hindered by challenges including the lack of regulations and building codes for 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP), limited knowledge of large-scale applications, and insufficient availability of insulating materials. The results highlight that reducing material waste and enabling greater customization are the most significant drivers for adopting 3D printing in construction, while the reduction in supervision costs was the least important. Conversely, cybersecurity risks, potential job losses, and the layered and rough surface of printed structures were identified as the most critical barriers. This research underscores the need to address these drivers and barriers through targeted strategies to enhance the integration of 3D printing technology in the construction industry.

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İnşaat Mühendisliği, AHP, Engeller, Sürücüler, Üç Boyutlu Baskı, İnşaat, Civil Engineering, Barriers, Drivers, 3D Printing, Construction

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