Viktorya Dönemi Şiirinde ve Modernist Şiirde Temsil Edilen, Kadınların Ataerkilliğe Karşı Bitmeyen Mücadelesi

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2024

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Department of English Language and Literature
(1997)
Founded in 1997, the Department of English Language and Literature is one of the first Departments of Atılım University. Through the graduate and doctorate degree programs in addition to the undergraduate program, the Department raises students and academicians. At the Department of English Language and Literature, we aim to graduate students who have studied and learned the English language and literature at an advanced level and developed the skill to produce ideas; as well as the ability to do analyses and academic research on literature. In addition to granting our students with the opportunity to develop their backgrounds in general culture, the education that we offer contributes to their interest and knowledge in contemporary and current issues. Accredited for 5 years from February 24th 2019 by FEDEK, our undergraduate program grants our students the opportunity to join Double-Major or Minor programs in Translation and Interpretation, and International Relations. Another option for the students of our Department is the Erasmus Exchange Program.
Department
Department of English Language and Literature
Our M.A. and Ph.D. programs cover English Culture and Literature studies including the most recent studies in this field. The aim of these post graduate programs is to enable students to benefit from these studies to create original thoughts and views and also guide them in their academic studies, written in accordance with academic rules. The M.A. and Ph.D. programs have been opened under the department of English Language and Literature of the Graduate School of Social Sciences at Atılım University. The M.A. program was opened in 30.12.1998 and the Ph.D. program was opened in 15.10.2009, the titles of both were changed into “English Culture and Literature” in 23.09.2011 and in 02.08.2010 respectively. The courses in both programs cover mainly the studies that have been conducted in the field of English Literature and Culture and the aim of both programs is to provide students with the ability to develop their academic skills while doing academic research which will widen their academic horizons.

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Yüzyıllar boyunca kadınlar erkek egemen bir dünyada hayatta kalmaya çalışmışlardır. Bu mücadelelerini dile getirmek ve kadınların basmakalıp tasvirini yıkmak için, edebiyatın en eski biçimi olan şiir genel olarak kadın yazını; kadın dünyasını, kadın ve erkek kültürünü anlatan kadın karaktere kamusal bir ses vererek kadınların arzularını, özlemlerini ve ataerkilliğe karşı isyanlarını ifade etmekte bir araç olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu, Elaine Showalter'ın Kültürel Kadın Eleştirisi Modeli'ndeki yaklaşımına karşılık gelmektedir. Showalter, kadın yazınının işçi, hizmetçi, yazar, ev kadını ve hatta prenses de dahil tüm kadınların ataerkil sisteme karşı çıkışlarının ve eşitlik mücadelelerini dile getirmelerinin bir aracı olduğunu savunur. Eşitlik arayışlarının kadın yazınına nasıl yansıdığını araştıran bu çalışma, kadın yazınının bir 'alt metin' içerdiğini savunur. Çalışma, şiirleri analiz etme aşamasında Showalter'ın teorisine uygun olarak 'alt metin' ve 'vahşi bölge' gibi terimleri kullanmaktadır. Böylece şiirler, kadın kültürü ve kadın yazını arasında bağlantı kurularak analiz edilmekte ve şiirlerde 'alt metnin' nasıl gömülü olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, tezin ana teması, kadınlar arasında birleştirici işlevi olan kadın kültürünün ve mücadelesinin tasvir edilmesi, kadın şiirinin on dokuzuncu yüzyıldan yirminci yüzyılın ilk on yılına kadar olan tarihsel gelişiminin temsil türleri ve kullandığı şiirsel teknikler açısından incelenmesidir. Çalışma, kadın kültürünün genel kültürün ayrılmaz bir parçası olduğunu ve toplumsal cinsiyet normlarına meydan okumada önemli bir rol oynadığını, bunun Viktorya dönemi kadın şiirinde keşfedildiğini ve Modernist şiirde toplumsal cinsiyet kavramının genişletilmesi ve modernist tekniklerin kullanılması yoluyla vurgulandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Böylelikle, çalışma on dokuzuncu yüzyıldan yirminci yüzyılın başlarına kadar geçen süre içerisinde kadın şiirinin içerik ve biçim açısından gelişimini göstermiş ve Viktorya dönemi gelenekselciliğinden modernist yaklaşıma geçişin izini sürmüştür. Çalışma ayrıca kadın şairlerin geleneksel cinsiyet normlarını ihlal ettiklerini, kadınlar için biçilen itaatkâr rollere karşı çıktıklarını ve kamusal ve ev içi alanlarda yeni roller ortaya koyduklarını göstermiştir. Böylelikle kadın şairler, kadın geleneğinin ortaya çıkışında kadın yazınının önemine dikkat çekmiş ve şiirin erkeklikle olan güçlü ilişkisini sorgulamışlardır.
For centuries, women have tried to survive in a male-dominated world. In order to portray their struggle and subvert the stereotypical portrayal of women, women's writing in general and poetry in particular, as the oldest form of literature, has been used as a medium to express women's desires, aspirations and rebellions against patriarchy by giving a public voice to the female character who narrates her world, women's culture and men's culture. This corresponds to Elaine Showalter's Theory of Cultural Model of Gynocriticism. Showalter argues that women's writing serves as a means of articulating the struggle for equality in the face of patriarchy, including women such as workers, housemaids, writers, housewives and even princesses. It explores how their quest for equality is reflected in women's writing and argues that it contains an underlying 'subtext'.' The study includes terms such as 'subtext' and 'the wild zone,' in line with Showalter's theory, to analyse the poems in the dissertation. Thus, the poems are analysed by making a connection between women's culture and women's writing, highlighting how the 'subtext' is embedded in the women's poems examined in the dissertation. Accordingly, the main themes of this dissertation are the representation of women's culture, which has a unifying function among women, and defining the historical development of women's poetry from the nineteenth century to the early decades of the twentieth century in terms of its portrayal of women's struggle, the types of representations and poetic techniques it uses, and its contribution to the field of women's writing. The study finds that women's culture is an inseparable part of general culture and plays an important role in challenging gender norms, which was explored in Victorian women's poetry and emphasised in Modernist poetry through the expansion of the concept of gender and the use of modernist techniques. In this way, the study illustrates the development of women's poetry in terms of content and form from the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, during which the transition from Victorian conventionalism to the modernist approach can be traced. The study also displays that women poets violated traditional gender norms, challenged the submissive roles tailored for women and introduced new roles in the public and domestic spheres. In this way, women poets drew attention to the prominence of women's writing in the emergence of the female tradition and questioned the strong association of poetry with masculinity as a dominant enterprise.

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İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, English Language and Literature

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