Özel Gereksinimli Çocuklara Bakım Verenlerde Bakım Yükleri ile Beden Farkındalıkları, Stres Düzeyleri ve Kas İskelet Sistemi Sorunları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
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Date
2023
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Open Access Color
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Gelişimsel olarak fiziksel, duygusal ve zihinsel özellikler bakımından yetersizlik gösteren özel gereksinimi olan çocukların bakımları engellilik durumlarının tümünü kapsayacak şekilde bütüncül olarak ele alınır. Temelde bakım veren rolünü üstlenen aile ve primer olarak da anneler birçok zorluk ve problemle baş başa kalmaktadır. Özel gereksinimli çocuklar ile ilişkili olabilecek bakım yükü problemlerini ve bu problemlerin beden farkındalığı, stres düzeyi ve kas iskelet sistemi sorunlarıyla ilişkisini inceleyen çalışmaların sayısı azdır, yapılan çalışmalar daha çok ebeveynlerin yaşadıkları güçlükler ve sorunlarla ilgili çalışmalardır. Bu nedenle biz bu çalışmada özel gereksinimli çocuklara bakım veren kişilerin bakım yüklerinin beden farkındalıkları, stres düzeyleri ve kas iskelet sistemi problemleriyle ilişkisine dair bir inceleme yaparak bu alanda literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçladık. Çalışmamıza ≥18 yaşında olan ve 0-18 yaş aralığında özel gereksinimli bir çocuğa bakım veren 47 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Ayrıca bakım verenlerin durumlarını daha iyi değerlendirebilmek ve değerlendirmelerden daha doğru sonuçlar alabilmek için çocukların da demografik bilgileri alınmış ve seviyelerinin belirlenmesi için 47 özel gereksinimli çocuk çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada bakım veren bireylerin bakım yükleri, beden farkındalıkları, stres düzeyleri ve kas iskelet sisteminde meydana gelen problemlerine yönelik bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Değerlendirmede Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği, Beden Farkındalık Çizelgesi, Beden İmajı Anketi, Beden Farkındalık Ölçeği - Hareket Kalitesi ve Deneyim (BFÖ HK-D), Bakım Verenin Stres İndeksi, Boyun Özürlülük Ölçeği (NDI), Kol, Omuz ve El Sorunları Anketi (DASH - Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire), Alt Ekstremite Fonksiyonel Skalası (LEFS- The Lower Extremity Functional Scale), Oswestry Bel Ağrısı Engellilik Anketi, Nottingham Sağlık Profili (NSP), Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (IPAQ-SF), Visual Analog Skala (VAS) ve Corbin Postür Analizi kullanılmıştır. Nicel değişkenler arası ilişkiler Spearman Rho korelasyon katsayısı ile yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak bakım veren bireylerde bakım yükleri ve beden farkındalığı arasında Beden Farkındalık Çizelgesi ve Beden İmajı Anketlerinde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuş, Beden Farkındalık Ölçeği arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunamamıştır. Bakım yükü ve stres düzeyi arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuş, bakım yükü fazla olan katılımcılarda stres düzeyinin arttığı gözlenmiştir. (p<0,05) Bakım yükleri ile kas iskelet sistemi problemleri arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde boyun, kol, omuz, el ve bel bölgesinde görülen sorunlarda anlamlı ilişki bulunmuş ancak alt ekstremite problemleri ile bakım yükü arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunamamıştır. (p<0,05) Ayrıca bakım yükü fazla olan katılımcıların yaşam kalitesinde bozulma gözlenmiştir. Postür analizleri sonucunda katılımcıların çoğunda postür bozukluğu gözlenmiş ve postür ile bakım yükü arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. (p<0,05) Ağrı değerlendirmesi sonucunda bakım yükü ile ağrı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuş, bakım yükü daha fazla olan katılımcıların kronik ağrılarının daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir. Katılımcıların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile bakım yükleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Bakım verenlerde beden farkındalığına yönelik yapılacak terapi çalışmalarının yaşam kalitesi, kronik ağrı ve kas iskelet sistemi sorunlarıyla ilişkili özür ve disabiliteye olumlu etkilerinin olacağını ve ileride yapılacak çalışmalara da ışık tutacağını düşünmekteyiz. Anahtar Kelimeler: bakım yükü, bakım veren, beden farkındalığı, stres düzeyi, kas iskelet sistemi sorunları
The care of children with special needs who are developmentally deficient in terms of physical, emotional and mental characteristics is handled holistically to cover all disability situations. The family, which basically assumes the role of caregiver, and the mothers as the primary, are left with many difficulties and problems. The number of studies examining the care burden problems that may be associated with children with special needs and the relationship of these problems with body awareness, stress level and musculoskeletal system problems is scarce. The studies are mostly related to the difficulties and problems experienced by the parents. In this study, we aim to contribute to the literature in this field by conducting a review on the relationship between the care burdens of caregivers of children with special needs with body awareness, stress levels and musculoskeletal system problems. Our study included 47 people who were ≥18 years old and cared for a child with special needs in the 0-18 age range. In addition, demographic information of children was taken in order to better evaluate the conditions of caregivers and to obtain more accurate results from the evaluations and 47 children with special needs were included in the study to determine their levels. In the study, an evaluation was made for the care loads, body awareness, stress levels and problems occurring in the musculoskeletal system of the caregivers. Burden Interview, Body Awareness Chart, Body Image Questionnaire, Body Awareness Scale - Movement Quality and Experience (BASMQ -E), Stress Index of Care Giver, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Problems Questionnaire (DASH), The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), International Physical Activity Questionnaire- Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Corbin Posture Analysis were used The relationships between quantitative variables were interpreted with Spearman Rho correlation coefficient. As a result, no significant relationship was found between care burdens and body awareness in caregivers. In addition, another noteworthy correlation was found between the care burden and stress level, and it was observed that the stress level increased in the participants with high care load. (p<0,05) When the relationship between care loads and musculoskeletal system problems was examined, a crucial liaison was found in the problems seen in the neck, arm, shoulder, hand and waist region, but no significant relationship was found between lower extremity problems and care load. (p<0,05) Furthermore, deterioration in the quality of life was observed on the high care burdened participants. As a result of posture analysis, impaired posture was observed in most of the participants and a pivotal relationship was found between posture and care burden. (p<0,05) As a result of pain assessment, a significant relationship was found between the burden of care and pain, and it was observed that the participants with more care burden had more chronic pain. There was no statistically significant relationship between the physical activity levels of the participants and their maintenance loads. We think that the therapy studies to be carried out for body awareness in caregivers will have positive effects on the quality of life, apology and disability associated with chronic pain and musculoskeletal system problems and will shed light on future studies. Keywords: caregiver, body awareness, stress level, musculoskeletal problems
The care of children with special needs who are developmentally deficient in terms of physical, emotional and mental characteristics is handled holistically to cover all disability situations. The family, which basically assumes the role of caregiver, and the mothers as the primary, are left with many difficulties and problems. The number of studies examining the care burden problems that may be associated with children with special needs and the relationship of these problems with body awareness, stress level and musculoskeletal system problems is scarce. The studies are mostly related to the difficulties and problems experienced by the parents. In this study, we aim to contribute to the literature in this field by conducting a review on the relationship between the care burdens of caregivers of children with special needs with body awareness, stress levels and musculoskeletal system problems. Our study included 47 people who were ≥18 years old and cared for a child with special needs in the 0-18 age range. In addition, demographic information of children was taken in order to better evaluate the conditions of caregivers and to obtain more accurate results from the evaluations and 47 children with special needs were included in the study to determine their levels. In the study, an evaluation was made for the care loads, body awareness, stress levels and problems occurring in the musculoskeletal system of the caregivers. Burden Interview, Body Awareness Chart, Body Image Questionnaire, Body Awareness Scale - Movement Quality and Experience (BASMQ -E), Stress Index of Care Giver, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Problems Questionnaire (DASH), The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), International Physical Activity Questionnaire- Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Corbin Posture Analysis were used The relationships between quantitative variables were interpreted with Spearman Rho correlation coefficient. As a result, no significant relationship was found between care burdens and body awareness in caregivers. In addition, another noteworthy correlation was found between the care burden and stress level, and it was observed that the stress level increased in the participants with high care load. (p<0,05) When the relationship between care loads and musculoskeletal system problems was examined, a crucial liaison was found in the problems seen in the neck, arm, shoulder, hand and waist region, but no significant relationship was found between lower extremity problems and care load. (p<0,05) Furthermore, deterioration in the quality of life was observed on the high care burdened participants. As a result of posture analysis, impaired posture was observed in most of the participants and a pivotal relationship was found between posture and care burden. (p<0,05) As a result of pain assessment, a significant relationship was found between the burden of care and pain, and it was observed that the participants with more care burden had more chronic pain. There was no statistically significant relationship between the physical activity levels of the participants and their maintenance loads. We think that the therapy studies to be carried out for body awareness in caregivers will have positive effects on the quality of life, apology and disability associated with chronic pain and musculoskeletal system problems and will shed light on future studies. Keywords: caregiver, body awareness, stress level, musculoskeletal problems
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Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
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