Yumuşak Güç Aracı Olarak Sağlık Diplomasisi: Türkiye'nin Sağlık Diplomasi Faaliyetlerinin İncelenmesi
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2022
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Küresel olarak yayılma tehlikesi bulunan bulaşıcı hastalıklar, ilaç patentleri, fikri mülkiyet hakları, Tütün Kontrolü Çerçeve Sözleşmesi gibi sorunlar sağlığın bir dış politikaya dönüşmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Sağlık diplomasi konusu çok yönlü olmakla birlikte, yumuşak güçle ilişki içerisindedir. Yumuşak güç, dış politika gibi manevi kaynaklar ile siyasi değerlerden beslenmektedir. Bu çalışma, Afrika, Asya ve Avrupa kıtalarındaki az gelişmiş bazı ülkelerde, yumuşak güç aracı olarak sağlık diplomasisi faaliyetlerini incelemektedir. Türkiye'nin yumuşak güç kaynaklarının oluşmasında coğrafi konum, askeri güç, ekonomik kapasite, politika, tarih ve kültürel değerler oldukça önemli rol oynamaktadır. Araştırma'nın amacı, ülkelerarası ilişkilerde diplomasi ve kamu diplomasi kavramlarının literatür taramalarını ortaya koyarak, sağlık diplomasisinin Türk dış politikasında yumuşak güç aracı olarak kullanım durumunun önemi ve etkisi detaylı bir şekilde incelenecektir. Bu çalışma kapsamında nitel araştırma türlerinden betimsel analiz yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda yumuşak güç aracı olarak sağlık diplomasisi çalışmalarının nasıl ve ne şekilde yürütüldüğünün irdelenmesinden yola çıkılarak, genel olarak AFAD, TİKA, Kızılay, Yunus Emre Kültür Merkezi, Türk Hava Yolları, STK'lar ve İnsani Yardım gibi kuruluşların örnek alınan dokuz ülkedeki kamu diplomasisi ile birlikte sağlıkta yumuşak güç politikalarının uygulama çalışmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle 2005 yılından sonra görünür hale gelen ve dış politikada hedeflere ulaşmayı sağlayan yumuşak güç aktörleri, Türkiye'nin uluslararası politikalarında sağlıkta ve diğer alanlarda geliştirdiği diyaloğa bir örnek olarak tarihi, kültürel, siyasi ve ekonomik alanları kapsayacak şekilde ele alınmaktadır. Araştırmada, Türkiye'nin sağlık diplomasi faaliyetlerinin uygulanmasında yumuşak gücün önemi ortaya konmaktadır. Bununla beraber Türkiye, dünyadaki diğer devletlerin yumuşak güç uygulama politikalarından farklı olarak, sadece kendi ülke menfaatlerini doğrultusunda yardım faaliyetlerini yürütmediği, yardım faaliyetlerinde bulunduğu ülkeye genel olarak, Türk kültür ve gelenekleri doğrultusunda insani yardım stratejileri biçiminde yaptığı görülmüştür.
Infectious diseases that are in danger of spreading globally, patent medicines, intellectual property rights, contracts on tobacco control have made the concept of human health a foreign policy tool. Although the subject of health diplomacy is multifaceted, it has become a powerful instrument within the concept of soft power. Soft power affects the foreign policy and domestic political dynamics of countries. This study examines health diplomacy activities as a soft power tool in some underdeveloped countries in Africa, Asia and Europe. Geographical location, military power, economic capacity, politics, history and cultural values play a very important role in the formation of soft power instruments that Turkey uses in its foreign policy. The aim of the research is to examine in detail the important points and effects of the use of health diplomacy as a soft power tool in Turkish foreign policy by revealing the literature review of the concepts of diplomacy and public diplomacy in international relations. In this study, descriptive analysis, which is one of the qualitative research types, was conducted. In this context, starting from the examination of how and in what way health diplomacy studies as a soft power tool are carried out, in general, AFAD, TIKA, Kızılay, Yunus Emre Cultural Center, Turkish Airlines, NGOs and Humanitarian Aid Organizations together with public diplomacy in nine countries taken as examples. Within the framework of health activities, efforts to implement soft power policies were evaluated. Soft power instruments, which became visible especially after 2005 and enable to achieve the goals in foreign policy, are discussed with their historical, cultural, political and economic aspects. The research reveals the importance of soft power in the implementation of Turkey's health diplomacy activities. However, in the research, it has been seen how Turkey, unlike the soft power implementation policies of other states in the world, uses soft power instruments not only for its own country's interests, but also within the scope of humanitarian aid strategies as a requirement of Turkish culture and traditions.
Infectious diseases that are in danger of spreading globally, patent medicines, intellectual property rights, contracts on tobacco control have made the concept of human health a foreign policy tool. Although the subject of health diplomacy is multifaceted, it has become a powerful instrument within the concept of soft power. Soft power affects the foreign policy and domestic political dynamics of countries. This study examines health diplomacy activities as a soft power tool in some underdeveloped countries in Africa, Asia and Europe. Geographical location, military power, economic capacity, politics, history and cultural values play a very important role in the formation of soft power instruments that Turkey uses in its foreign policy. The aim of the research is to examine in detail the important points and effects of the use of health diplomacy as a soft power tool in Turkish foreign policy by revealing the literature review of the concepts of diplomacy and public diplomacy in international relations. In this study, descriptive analysis, which is one of the qualitative research types, was conducted. In this context, starting from the examination of how and in what way health diplomacy studies as a soft power tool are carried out, in general, AFAD, TIKA, Kızılay, Yunus Emre Cultural Center, Turkish Airlines, NGOs and Humanitarian Aid Organizations together with public diplomacy in nine countries taken as examples. Within the framework of health activities, efforts to implement soft power policies were evaluated. Soft power instruments, which became visible especially after 2005 and enable to achieve the goals in foreign policy, are discussed with their historical, cultural, political and economic aspects. The research reveals the importance of soft power in the implementation of Turkey's health diplomacy activities. However, in the research, it has been seen how Turkey, unlike the soft power implementation policies of other states in the world, uses soft power instruments not only for its own country's interests, but also within the scope of humanitarian aid strategies as a requirement of Turkish culture and traditions.
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Halkla İlişkiler, Sağlık Yönetimi, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Sağlık, Public Relations, Sağlık diplomasisi, Healthcare Management, International Relations, Sağlık hizmetleri, Health, Health diplomacy, Uluslararası ilişkiler, Health services, Yumuşak güç, International relations, Soft power, İnsani yardımlar, Humanitarian aid
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