Althusser'in ideoloji teorisi ışığında (ISA, RSA, interpellation) Elizabeth Gaskell'in Mary Barton ve Kuzey ve Güney adlı eserleri
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2022
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Hegel'den beri üzerinde çokça tartışılan ideoloji kavramı ve tanımı, batılı filozofların zihinlerini meşgul eden felsefi-kültürel bir konudur ve bu konu uzun yıllardır hararetle tartışılmaktadır. Bu tez Mary Barton ve Kuzey ve Güney eserlerini Althusser'in ideoloji teorisi (ideolojik aygıt, baskıcı aygıt, çağırma) ışığında okumayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın gelişme bölümünü oluşturan fikirler, Althusserci ideoloji tanımına, hem onun dünyayı maddi olarak yorumlamasına hem de edebiyat dünyasında ideolojinin izini sürmesine odaklanmaktır. Araştırmayı yürütmek için kütüphane kaynaklarından yararlanılan bu tez, Althusser'in ideoloji tanımını analiz etmekte ve bunu Gaskell'in ilk romanı Mary Barton'a ve sonraki eseri olan Kuzey ve Güney'e uygulamaktadır. Ayrıca, bu analizin üzerinde durularak, Althusser'in ideoloji tanımının, Marksizm'in öncüleri olan Marx ve Engels'in ideoloji tanımından nasıl farklı olduğunu araştıran karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Herhangi bir Marksist tartışmanın en önemli parçası hayatın akışı içindeki sürecin sosyal, zihinsel ve siyasi karakteri belirleyen ekonominin tartışılmaz ağırlığıdır; bu önerme birçok eleştirmen tarafından Marksist sorunsal içinde ve bazen bunun dışında, değişmez bir şekilde yeniden formüle edilmiş ve düşünülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, Marksist ortodoksiden geriye, öznelerin bilincini belirleyen üretim tarzı doktrini kalır. Buna ek olarak, Althusser'in 'çağırma' yöntemi olarak adlandırdığı kavramda bireyleri özneye dönüştürme süreci de bu çalışma için çok önemlidir ve bu tür doktrinlerin bir analiziyle, tez, üretim ilişkilerini sürdürmede ana ISA'ların keşfi ve tespiti ve işlevlerinin incelenmesi yoluyla, bu işlevin, ödül ve cezanın sistemik bir nüfuzunda yazarın ideolojisi ile nasıl ilişkili olduğunu göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır
The much-contested concept and the definition of ideology, from Hegel on, has been a philosophical-cultural issue preoccupying the minds of western philosophers and has been a heatedly debated issue. This thesis aims to read Mary Barton and North and South in the light of Althusser's theory of ideology (ISA, RSA, Interpellation). What constitutes the body of this paper is the focus on the Althusserian definition of ideology and his material rendition of the world and his tracing of ideology in the literary world. This thesis, in which the library sources have been utilized to carry out the research, analyses Althusser's definition of ideology and applies it to the first novel of Gaskell, Mary Barton as well as her later work, North and South. Furthermore, by focusing on this analysis, a comparative study is conducted which investigates how this definition of ideology varies from that of his classically Marxist predecessors, namely Marx and Engels. The most eminent segment in any Marxist debate is the substantial weight of economy as the determining factor of the character of the social, mental and political processes of life, a premise which has been invariably reformulated and reconsidered, within Marxist problematic and sometimes out of it, by many social critics. What, however, remains from Marxist orthodoxy is the doctrine of the mode of production which determines the consciousness of the subjects. In addition to this, the process of transforming individuals into subjects in what Althusser designates as 'interpellation' is also crucial for this thesis and by an analysis of such doctrines, the thesis aims to show how this function correlates with the ideology of the writer in a systemic permeation of reward and punishment through the exploration and detection of the main ISAs and dissection of their functions in maintaining the relations of production.
The much-contested concept and the definition of ideology, from Hegel on, has been a philosophical-cultural issue preoccupying the minds of western philosophers and has been a heatedly debated issue. This thesis aims to read Mary Barton and North and South in the light of Althusser's theory of ideology (ISA, RSA, Interpellation). What constitutes the body of this paper is the focus on the Althusserian definition of ideology and his material rendition of the world and his tracing of ideology in the literary world. This thesis, in which the library sources have been utilized to carry out the research, analyses Althusser's definition of ideology and applies it to the first novel of Gaskell, Mary Barton as well as her later work, North and South. Furthermore, by focusing on this analysis, a comparative study is conducted which investigates how this definition of ideology varies from that of his classically Marxist predecessors, namely Marx and Engels. The most eminent segment in any Marxist debate is the substantial weight of economy as the determining factor of the character of the social, mental and political processes of life, a premise which has been invariably reformulated and reconsidered, within Marxist problematic and sometimes out of it, by many social critics. What, however, remains from Marxist orthodoxy is the doctrine of the mode of production which determines the consciousness of the subjects. In addition to this, the process of transforming individuals into subjects in what Althusser designates as 'interpellation' is also crucial for this thesis and by an analysis of such doctrines, the thesis aims to show how this function correlates with the ideology of the writer in a systemic permeation of reward and punishment through the exploration and detection of the main ISAs and dissection of their functions in maintaining the relations of production.
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İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, Althusser, Louis, Barton, Mary, English Language and Literature, Althusser, Louis, Gaskell, Elizabeth, Barton, Mary, İdeoloji, Gaskell, Elizabeth, Ideology, İngiliz edebiyatı, English literature
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