Yasa adaletini siyaset felsefesiyle aramak: Nefret ve ayrımcılık başlıklı Türk Ceza Kanunu'nun 122. maddesinin düşündürdükleri
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Date
2023
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Abstract
Devletlerde ve toplumlarda adaletin nasıl sağlanacağı, ideal bir hukuk düzeninin nitelikleri gibi konular çağlar boyunca siyaset felsefesinin başlıca meseleleri olmuş ve birçok düşünür bu konularla ilgili çeşitli arayışlar içerisine girmiştir. Bunların bir yansıması olarak günümüzde özellikle eşitlik, özgürlük, ayrımcılık gibi insan hakları temelli evrensel nitelikteki konularla ilgili uluslararası ve ulusal çeşitli hukuki düzenlemelerde, siyaset felsefesi düşünürlerinin görüşlerinin izlerine rastlamak mümkündür. Yani aslında adalet, hukuk ve siyaset felsefesi ayrıştırılamayacak kadar iç içe geçmiş alanlardır ve bu çalışmanın hareket noktasını da bu yakın ilişki oluşturmaktadır. Siyaset felsefesinde çağlar boyunca devam etmiş bir diğer arayış da yasa adaleti arayışı olup, bazı yasaların adil olmadığına dair görüşler hem Türkiye'de hem de başka ülkelerde toplumun çeşitli kesimleri tarafından halen dile getirilmektedir. İşte bu çalışmada yasa adaleti arayışlarına katkı sağlamak amacıyla siyaset felsefesindeki adalet yaklaşımları panoramik şekilde açıklanıp, bir alet çantası ve yöntem sunulmuş ve bunları somutlaştırmak üzere de adalet yaklaşımları üzerinden Türk Ceza Kanunu'nun 122. maddesi incelenerek adil bir yasa olup olmadığı tartışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında bu yasa maddesinin ele alınmasındaki amaç; maddenin Türkiye'deki nefret ve ayrımcılık eylemlerini cezasız bıraktığı iddiasıyla çeşitli hukukçuların, sivil toplum örgütlerinin, insan hakları savunucularının ve yasanın muhatap aldığı kesimlerin geneli tarafından tepki ve eleştirilerin odağında olmasıdır. Kaldı ki nefret ve ayrımcılığa ilişkin çeşitli sivil toplum kuruluşları tarafından yapılan saha araştırmaları verileri ve Adalet Bakanlığı tarafından her yıl yayımlanan adli istatistikler, tepki ve eleştirileri doğrular mahiyettedir. Böylece çalışmanın hipotezi, ikisi bir arada olacak şekilde hukuk ve siyaset felsefesi zemininde yapılan bir adil yasa arayışı doğrultusunda Türk Ceza Kanunu'nun 122. maddesi incelendiğinde, maddenin hem hukuki hem de siyaset felsefesindeki adalet yaklaşımlarının geneli açısından adil bir yasa maddesi olmadığıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Nefret, Ayrımcılık, Siyaset felsefesi, Adalet, Yasa
Issues such as how to ensure justice in states and societies and the qualities of an ideal legal order have been the main issues of political philosophy throughout the ages and many thinkers have entered into various searches regarding these issues. As a reflection of these, it is possible to encounter the traces of the views of political philosophy thinkers in various international and national legal regulations especially on universal human rights-based issues such as equality, freedom and discrimination. In other words justice, law and political philosophy are fields that are so intertwined that they cannot be separated and this close relationship constitutes the starting point of this study. Another quest that has continued throughout the ages in political philosophy is the quest for legal justice and opinions about the unfairness of some laws are still expressed by various segments of society both in Turkey and in other countries. In this study, in order to contribute to the search for legal justice, the approaches to justice in political philosophy are explained in a panoramic way, a toolbox and method are presented and in order to embody these approaches, article 122 of the Turkish Penal Code is examined and it is discussed whether it is a fair law. The purpose of this law article within the scope of the study is that; the article is at the center of reactions and criticisms by various lawyers, non-governmental organizations, human rights defenders and the general public that the law deals with, claiming that acts of hatred and discrimination in Turkey go unpunished. Moreover, the field research data on hate and discrimination conducted by various non-governmental organizations and the forensic statistics published annually by the Ministry of Justice confirm the reactions and criticisms. Thus, the hypothesis of the study is that; when the article 122 of the Turkish Penal Code is examined in line with the search for a fair law on the ground of law and political philosophy, the article is not a fair law article in terms of both legal and political approaches to justice in general. Keywords: Hate, Discrimination, Political philosophy, Justice, Law
Issues such as how to ensure justice in states and societies and the qualities of an ideal legal order have been the main issues of political philosophy throughout the ages and many thinkers have entered into various searches regarding these issues. As a reflection of these, it is possible to encounter the traces of the views of political philosophy thinkers in various international and national legal regulations especially on universal human rights-based issues such as equality, freedom and discrimination. In other words justice, law and political philosophy are fields that are so intertwined that they cannot be separated and this close relationship constitutes the starting point of this study. Another quest that has continued throughout the ages in political philosophy is the quest for legal justice and opinions about the unfairness of some laws are still expressed by various segments of society both in Turkey and in other countries. In this study, in order to contribute to the search for legal justice, the approaches to justice in political philosophy are explained in a panoramic way, a toolbox and method are presented and in order to embody these approaches, article 122 of the Turkish Penal Code is examined and it is discussed whether it is a fair law. The purpose of this law article within the scope of the study is that; the article is at the center of reactions and criticisms by various lawyers, non-governmental organizations, human rights defenders and the general public that the law deals with, claiming that acts of hatred and discrimination in Turkey go unpunished. Moreover, the field research data on hate and discrimination conducted by various non-governmental organizations and the forensic statistics published annually by the Ministry of Justice confirm the reactions and criticisms. Thus, the hypothesis of the study is that; when the article 122 of the Turkish Penal Code is examined in line with the search for a fair law on the ground of law and political philosophy, the article is not a fair law article in terms of both legal and political approaches to justice in general. Keywords: Hate, Discrimination, Political philosophy, Justice, Law
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Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
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