Stratejik Ortaklıktan Model Ortaklığa Türk-amerikan İlişkileri ve Ortadoğu
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2011
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Abstract
Soğuk Savaş boyunca Türkiye-ABD ilişkileri Sovyet yayılmacılığı ve komünizm tehdidi altında ortak güvenlik temelli gelişirken Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönem özellikle iki ülkeye Kafkasya, Balkanlar ve Ortadoğu'da daha çok işbirliği olanakları sunmuş ve iki ülke ilişkileri için ?stratejik ortaklık? modeli gündeme gelmiştir. Körfez Savaşı bu yeni ilişki biçimi için ilk sınav olurken 11 Eylül Saldırıları sonrası yaşanan gelişmeler geliştirilmeye çalışılan ?stratejik ortaklık? ilişkisini derinden etkilemiştir. Nitekim Barack Hüseyin Obama, ABD Başkanı olduktan sonra ABD gibi büyük bir Hristiyan nüfusla Türkiye gibi laik bir devlet olmakla beraber nüfusunun büyük bir oranı Müslüman olan bir ülkenin ilişkisinin tüm dünyaya model olabileceğini dile getirerek ?model ortaklık? kavramını önermiştir. Ancak kavramın gündeme geldiği günden beri Ortadoğu kaynaklı yaşanan gerilimler bu kavramın içinin doldurulması noktasında sıkıntılar yaratmıştır. Özellikle Türk Dışişleri Bakanı Ahmet Davutoğlu'nun ?stratejik derinlik? yaklaşımı ile Türkiye'nin komşuları ve Ortadoğu ile ilişkilerini geliştirmesi Türkiye'nin ABD ve Avrupa'dan uzaklaşarak Ortadoğu'ya yakınlaştığı ve dış politikanın bir ?eksen kayması? yaşadığı iddialarına neden olmuştur. Bu iddialar Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerine de doğrudan yansımıştır. Nitekim bu çalışma, tüm bu varsayımlar ışığında İkinci Dünya Savaşı'ndan Obama'nın ABD Başkanı olmasına kadar geçen sürede iki ülke ilişkilerinin seyrini Ortadoğu üzerinden aktarmayı amaçlamaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk-Amerikan ilişkileri, Ortadoğu, Soğuk Savaş, Stratejik Ortaklık, Model Ortaklık, Stratejik Derinlik
During the Cold War, Turkey- the USA relations were based on mutual security due to the Soviet expansionism and communism threat. Post-Cold War era brought two countries more possibilities of collaboration in Caucasia, Balkans and Middle East, and a ?strategic partnership? model became a current issue. While the Gulf War was a test for this new kind of relationship, September 11 attacks deeply affected the ?strategic partnership? association, which was wanted to be improved. As a matter of fact, Barack Hussein Obama, after being elected as the president of the USA, mentioned that the relations of two countries, USA and Turkey, a mostly Christian country and a secular country that has a big percentage of Muslim population, would be a model for the world and offered the ?model partnership? concept. But since this concept was brought up, Middle East originated tensions, caused distress in definition and fulfillment of this concept. Especially the ?strategic depth? approach of Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ahmet Davutoğlu, and the improvements of relations between Turkey, the neighboring countries and the Middle East, caused claims that Turkey was diverging from USA and Europe, approaching to the Middle East and that foreign policy was having an axis-shift. These claims affected Turk-American relations directly. This paper aims, in the light of these assumptions, to explain the course of these two countries relations over Middle East, starting from the World War II up to the election of Obama as the president of USA.Keywords: Turk-American relations, Middle East, Cold War, Strategic Partnership, Model Partnership, Strategic Depth
During the Cold War, Turkey- the USA relations were based on mutual security due to the Soviet expansionism and communism threat. Post-Cold War era brought two countries more possibilities of collaboration in Caucasia, Balkans and Middle East, and a ?strategic partnership? model became a current issue. While the Gulf War was a test for this new kind of relationship, September 11 attacks deeply affected the ?strategic partnership? association, which was wanted to be improved. As a matter of fact, Barack Hussein Obama, after being elected as the president of the USA, mentioned that the relations of two countries, USA and Turkey, a mostly Christian country and a secular country that has a big percentage of Muslim population, would be a model for the world and offered the ?model partnership? concept. But since this concept was brought up, Middle East originated tensions, caused distress in definition and fulfillment of this concept. Especially the ?strategic depth? approach of Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ahmet Davutoğlu, and the improvements of relations between Turkey, the neighboring countries and the Middle East, caused claims that Turkey was diverging from USA and Europe, approaching to the Middle East and that foreign policy was having an axis-shift. These claims affected Turk-American relations directly. This paper aims, in the light of these assumptions, to explain the course of these two countries relations over Middle East, starting from the World War II up to the election of Obama as the president of USA.Keywords: Turk-American relations, Middle East, Cold War, Strategic Partnership, Model Partnership, Strategic Depth
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Orta Doğu, Ortaklık, International Relations, Strateji, United States of America, Stratejik ortaklık, Middle East, Partnership, Türk dış politikası, Strategy, Strategic alliance, Türk-Amerikan ilişkileri, Turkish foreign policy, Türkiye, Turkish-American relations, Türkiye, Uluslararası ilişkiler, International relations
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211