Browsing by Author "Tokdemir, Gül"

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A Concept Map Approach for Introduction to Computer Engineering Course Curriculum
(IEEE EDUCON Education Engineering 2010, 2010) Tokdemir, Gül; Çağıltay, Nergiz; Computer Engineering; Software Engineering
As in any discipline, in Computer Engineering, students start learning the basic concepts of the discipline in their first year through an Introduction to Computer Engineering course. The topics toughed in this course can be grouped into two. The first group includes simple concepts like binary numbering system, hard disk, memory, and I/O devices. In the second group, and introduction to the courses that they will take in the next semesters of the program which includes programming, networking, software engineering, artificial intelligence and database systems. The main objective of this course is to give an introduction about the general concepts of the field to the first year Computer Engineering students and prepare them to understand the connections between them for their future studies. However, students and instructors face with many problems in this course. First, because of the diversity of the concepts given in the course, it is very diffucult for the students to see the big picture of the Computer Engineering domain. Similarly, it is diffucult for the instructors to prepare the course content in an integrated manner at the students' level. Additionally, the perception of the theory and practice behind the hardware and software topics and their connections is not an easy task for the beginners. Moreover, the topics are mostly abstract topics, which do not allow application of any laboratory sessions. Students usually find this course diffucult to understand, which decreases their motivation about the department and success of the course. This study is established to propose a concept map approach to better visualize and discover all the connections between the concepts of Computer Engineering field which can be used in the curriculum of the programs and introductory courses of the field addressing the above problems. The proposed concept map helps to visualize the general picture of the field.
A Mobile Application Flow Representation for Mutual Understanding of IT and Healthcare Professionals
(2013) Erturan, Yusuf Nasuh; Bilgen, Semih; Tokdemir, Gül; Çağıltay, Nergiz; Yıldız, Ekrem; Özcebe, Esra; Computer Engineering; Software Engineering
Ever since mobile applications were developed and became popular, they have started to take part in almost every field of our lives. Healthcare is one of the most popular fields that mobile applications have become a part of. However, development of mobile healthcare applications requires an inter disciplinary work on which people from different domains should communi cate. To do so efficiently, mobile application instructions should be provided as clearly as possible so that mutual understanding can be achieved. This study, aims to provide a methodology to provide the common grounds for healthcare and IT specialists so that to improve the satisfaction level of all the stakeholders of the system from the provided IT services and the end-user interfaces. In other words, by providing a better communication medium for the stakeholders dur ing the design phase, we believe that software development process will be improved, so do their satisfaction from the developed system.
Citation Count: 4
Abstract conceptual database model approach
(2013) Çaĝiltay,N.E.; Topalli,D.; Aykaç,Y.E.; Tokdemir,G.; Information Systems Engineering; Computer Engineering
One of the main objectives of the software engineers is to provide software related solutions for social problems and to increase the availability of social welfare. In that sense, the quality of the software is directly related to address the users' needs and their level of satisfaction. To reflect user requirements to the software processes, the correct design of the database model provides a critical stage during software development. Database design is a fundamental tool for modeling all the requirements related to users' data. The possible faulty conditions in database design have adverse effects on all of the software development processes. The possible faulty conditions can also cause continuous changes in the software and the desired functionality of the targeted system which may result in user dissatisfaction. In this context, reflecting the user requirements accurately in the database model and understanding of the database model correctly by every person involved in the software development process is the factor that directly affects the success of software systems' development. In this study, a two-stage conceptual data modeling approach is proposed to reduce the level of complexity, to improve the understandability of database models and to improve the quality of the software. This study first describes the proposed two-stage conceptual data modeling. Than the proposed method's impact on software engineers' comprehension is also investigated and the results are compared with the degree of complexity of the related conceptual data models. Results of this study show that, the proposed two-stage conceptual modeling approach improves the understanding levels of software engineers and eliminated possible defects in this stage. © 2013 The Science and Information Organization.
Citation Count: 4
Analysis of B2C mobile application characteristics and quality factors based on ISO 25010 quality model
(Springer Verlag, 2014) Yildiz,E.; Bilgen,S.; Tokdemir,G.; Cagiltay,N.E.; Erturan,Y.N.; Computer Engineering
The number of mobile applications in mobile market has rapidly increased as new technology and new devices are emerging at remarkable speed which shows mobile applications have an important role in every field of our life. Among those, even some of the mobile applications have a long time life as end-users use those effectively, some of them fail to do so that prevents the companies to reach from their aim. The main reason of that problem results from the quality of the mobile applications. Although there are some methods and metrics to analyze the quality of mobile applications, they have lack of criteria since they are mostly based on ISO 9126 quality model factors which are invalid anymore. This study aims to analyze both mobile commerce applications' characteristics and quality factors and sub-factors based on ISO 25010 product quality model. Accordingly a quality model is proposed by analysis performed by a group of experts from the mobile software development area. The results of this study aims to help developing more qualified and effective mobile applications from developer perspective. © 2014 Springer International Publishing.
Citation Count: 0
ANALYSIS OF NEUROONCOLOGICAL DATA TO PREDICT SUCCESS OF OPERATION THROUGH CLASSIFICATION
(Assoc Computing Machinery, 2016) Bagherzadi, Negin; Borcek, Alp Ozgun; Tokdemir, Gul; Cagiltay, Nergiz; Maras, H. Hakan; Computer Engineering; Software Engineering
Data mining algorithms have been applied in various fields of medicine to get insights about diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. This gives rise to more research on personalized medicine as patient data can be utilized to predict outcomes of certain treatment procedures. Accordingly, this study aims to create a model to provide decision support for surgeons in Neurooncology surgery. For this purpose, we have analyzed clinical pathology records of Neurooncology patients through various classification algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine, Multi Perceptron and Naive Bayes methods, and compared their performances with the aim of predicting surgery complication. A large number of factors have been considered to classify and predict percentage of patient's complication in surgery. Some of the factors found to be predictive were age, sex, clinical presentation, previous surgery type etc. For classification models built up using Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes and Multi Perceptron, Classification trials for Support Vector Machine have shown %77.47 generalization accuracy, which was established by 5-fold cross-validation.
Citation Count: 11
A concept map approach for introduction to computer engineering course curriculum
(2010) Tokdemir,G.; Cagiltay,N.E.; Computer Engineering
As in any discipline, in Computer Engineering, students start learning the basic concepts of the discipline in their first year through an Introduction to Computer Engineering course. The topics toughed in this course can be grouped into two. The first group includes simple concepts like binary numbering system, hard disk, memory, and I/O devices. In the second group, an introduction to the courses that they will take in the next semesters of the program which includes programming, networking, software engineering, artificial intelligence and database systems. The main objective of this course is to give an introduction about the general concepts of the field to the first year Computer Engineering students and prepare them to understand the connections between them for their future studies. However, students and instructors face with many problems in this course. First, because of the diversity of the concepts given in the course, it is very difficult for the students to see the big picture of the Computer Engineering domain. Similarly, it is difficult for the instructors to prepare the course content in an integrated manner at the students' level. Additionally, the perception of the theory and practice behind the hardware and software topics and their connections is not an easy task for the beginners. Moreover, the topics are mostly abstract topics, which do not allow application of any laboratory sessions. Students usually find this course difficult to understand, which decreases their motivation about the department and success of the course. This study is established to propose a concept map approach to better visualize and discover all the connections between the concepts of Computer Engineering field which can be used in the curriculum of the programs and introductory courses of the field addressing the above problems. The proposed concept map helps to visualize the general picture of the field. © 2010 IEEE.
Citation Count: 0
GUIs with Haptic interfaces
(Springer Verlag, 2015) Arda Aydin,M.; Cagiltay,N.E.; Ozcelik,E.; Tuner,E.; Sahin,H.; Tokdemir,G.; Computer Engineering
While there are many studies regarding utilization of Haptic feedback to enhance desktop GUIs and utilizing Haptic devices as additional interfaces to improve performance in current interaction techniques, there are not many studies that uses Haptic device as a primary input device. In this study, we present an experimentation conducted with 30 students, comparing performance of a Haptic device with mouse to use a GUI elements commonly used with mouse gestures. This study is inspired by a system that utilizes both mouse and a Haptic device, thus also taking task switching into consideration. We conclude that it is possible to achieve an acceptable performance with a Haptic device in a desktop-like GUI but further study and experimentation is necessary. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
Citation Count: 1
How engineers understand entity relationship diagrams (ERD): Insights from eye tracker data
(IADIS, 2012) Tokdemir,G.; Cagiltay,N.E.; Kilic,O.; Computer Engineering
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is one of the main tools used in software design process. This representation enables software engineers to understand system data requirements at a more comprehensive level. Designing and understanding of ERD and hence system data requirements is a critical issue for the success of software projects. In this study we are introducing an experiment environment which would be used to understand the behaviors of software engineers during designing and understanding these representations. This experimental setting is planned to be used to measure the software engineers' performance during ERD defect detection process. We believe such an environment can be used to develop some reviewing guidelines for the software engineers to improve their reviewing process in ERD which in turn will provide some tools for the educators to improve design and review skills of future software engineers. The results of this study would also provide recommendations for the researchers in similar experiments. © 2012 IADIS.
Citation Count: 2
Investigating the Relationship Between SLOC and Logical Database Measures to Improve the Early Estimation of Software Cost
(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2019) Tokdemir, Gul; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Computer Engineering; Software Engineering
Project planning is a critical activity in the software development life cycle. At the early stages of a project, the managers need to estimate required time, effort and cost to plan, track and then to deliver the project successfully. Many studies have attempted to provide methods for precise software cost estimation. The current software cost estimation methods are mainly based on software size estimation and functional system requirements. The main assumption of this study is that, as the primary source of complexity in today's software is the interaction between the database and the user, database measures may provide inputs allowing current software estimation methods to achieve more accurate results. Accordingly, this study attempts to gain insights from objective measures, collected through the logical database model of software systems, for better prediction of the software's effort and hence cost through software lines of code (SLOC) measure. For this purpose, more than 2.5 million lines of code developed by four different companies, for 79 different software packages with their related database design measures, are analyzed. The results of this study show that there is a close correlation between the software size and database design measure, namely, the number of tables which can be collected at the logical database design stage. By adapting this result, the current estimation models could be improved significantly.
Citation Count: 0
A mobile application flow representation for mutual understanding of IT and healthcare professionals
(2013) Erturan,Y.N.; Bilgen,S.; Tokdemir,G.; Cagiltay,N.E.; Yildiz,E.; Özcebe,E.; Computer Engineering
Ever since mobile applications were developed and became popular, they have started to take part in almost every field of our lives. Healthcare is one of the most popular fields that mobile applications have become a part of. However, development of mobile healthcare applications requires an inter-disciplinary work on which people from different domains should communicate. To do so efficiently, mobile application instructions should be provided as clearly as possible so that mutual understanding can be achieved. This study, aims to provide a methodology to provide the common grounds for healthcare and IT specialists so that to improve the satisfaction level of all the stakeholders of the system from the provided IT services and the end-user interfaces. In other words, by providing a better communication medium for the stakeholders during the design phase, we believe that software development process will be improved, so do their satisfaction from the developed system. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.
Citation Count: 0
Multimodal interaction flow representation for ubiquitous environments - MIF: A case study in surgical navigation interface design
(Springer Verlag, 2015) Tokdemir,G.; Altun,G.; Cagiltay,N.E.; Maras,H.H.; Borcek,A.O.; Computer Engineering
With the advent of technology, new interaction modalities became available which augmented the system interaction. Even though there are vast amount of applications for the ubiquitous devices like mobile agents, smart glasses and wearable technologies, many of them are hardly preferred by users. The success of those systems is highly dependent on the quality of the interaction design. Moreover, domain specific applications developed for these ubiquitous devices involve detailed domain knowledge which normally IT professionals do not have, which may involve a substantial lack of quality in the services provided. Hence, effective and high quality domain specific applications developed for these ubiquitous devices require significant collaboration of domain experts and IT professionals during the development process. Accordingly, tools to provide common communication medium between domain experts and IT professionals would provide necessary medium for communication. In this study, a new modelling tool for interaction design of ubiquitous devices like mobile agents, wearable devices is proposed which includes different interaction modalities. In order to better understand the effectiveness of this newly proposed design tool, an experimental study is conducted with 11 undergraduate students (novices) and 15 graduate students (experienced) of Computer Engineering Department for evaluating defect detection performance for the defects seeded into the interface design of a neuronavigation device. Results show that the defects were realized as more difficult for the novices and their performance was lower compared to experienced ones. Considering the defect types, wrong information and wrong button type of defects were recognized as more difficult. The results of this study aimed to provide insights for the system designers to better represent the interaction design details and to improve the communication level of IT professionals and the domain experts. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
Citation Count: 1
Neuronavigation Systems and Passive Usage Problem
(Ieee, 2015) Cagiltay, Nergiz; Topalli, Damla; Borcek, Alp Ozgun; Tokdemir, Gul; Maras, Hakan; Tonbul, Gokcen; Aydin, Elif; Information Systems Engineering; Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering; Computer Engineering; Software Engineering
Nowadays, neuronavigation systems are used in brain surgery procedures, known as a technology to help the surgeon during the operational period. However, the surgeons have faced several problems with the existing systems. Some of these problems are related to the systems software and user interfaces. In this study, such problems are examined and the "Passive Usage" term is added to the literature by establishing a connection between the problems of endoscopic surgical procedures and similar issues occurred in other domains. The passive usage problem is generalized on different domains for the first time with this study. The results of the study expected to gather up the similar passive usage problems experienced in different domains. Accordingly, the methodologies and studies that are conducted in different research areas may lead to eliminate the Passive Usage problems efficiently.
Citation Count: 0
Neuronavigation systems and passive usage problem;
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Cagiltay,N.; Topalli,D.; Borcek,A.O.; Tokdemir,G.; Maras,H.; Tonbul,G.; Aydin,E.; Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering; Computer Engineering; Software Engineering; Information Systems Engineering
Nowadays, neuronavigation systems are used in brain surgery procedures, known as a technology to help the surgeon during the operational period. However, the surgeons have faced several problems with the existing systems. Some of these problems are related to the systems software and user interfaces. In this study, such problems are examined and the 'Passive Usage' term is added to the literature by establishing a connection between the problems of endoscopic surgical procedures and similar issues occurred in other domains. The passive usage problem is generalized on different domains for the first time with this study. The results of the study expected to gather up the similar passive usage problems experienced in different domains. Accordingly, the methodologies and studies that are conducted in different research areas may lead to eliminate the Passive Usage problems efficiently. © 2016 IEEE.
Citation Count: 1
Patient Safety & Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS): A Case Study in Turkey
(Ieee, 2015) Menekse, Gonca Gokce; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Tokdemir, Gul; Computer Engineering; Software Engineering
Decision making process is crucial in several stages of clinical procedures. On the other hand, there are not many studies showing the implications of decision support systems in clinical environments. Hence, adaptation of Decision Support Systems to clinical environment is getting more important as we can collect more data through sensors and yet cannot use it effectively in decision making process. This study aims to understand the effects, benefits and obstacles utilizing CDSS in healthcare. For this purpose, 60 CDSS studies were analyzed to better understand their purpose, implementation domain, and success degrees in the world. Also, a case study was made for analyzing the situation in Turkey. The results show that in the field of neurosurgery, the level of analysis of neurosurgical data in Turkey is very low. The results show an urgent need for collaboration of IT experts and medical authorities to better record and analyze clinical data in the field of neurosurgery.
Citation Count: 25
Performing and analyzing non-formal inspections of entity relationship diagram (ERD)
(Elsevier Science inc, 2013) Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Tokdemir, Gul; Kilic, Ozkan; Topalli, Damla; Information Systems Engineering; Computer Engineering; Software Engineering
Designing and understanding of diagrammatic representations is a critical issue for the success of software projects because diagrams in this field provide a collection of related information with various perceptual signs and they help software engineers to understand operational systems at different levels of information system development process. Entity relationship diagram (ERD) is one of the main diagrammatic representations of a conceptual data model that reflects users' data requirements in a database system. In today's business environment, the business model is in a constant change which creates highly dynamic data requirements which also requires additional processes like modifications of ERD. However, in the literature there are not many measures to better understand the behaviors of software engineers during designing and understanding these representations. Hence, the main motivation of this study is to develop measures to better understand performance of software engineers during their understanding process of ERD. Accordingly, this study proposes two measures for ERD defect detection process. The defect detection difficulty level (DF) measures how difficult a defect to be detected according to the other defects for a group of software engineers. Defect detection performance (PP) measure is also proposed to understand the performance of a software engineer during the defect detection process. The results of this study are validated through the eye tracker data collected during the defect detection process of participants. Additionally, a relationship between the defect detection performance (PP) of a software engineer and his/her search patterns within an ERD is analyzed. Second experiment with five participants is also conducted to show the correlation between the proposed metric results and eye tracker data. The results of experiment-2 also found to be similar for DF and PP values. The results of this study are expected to provide insights to the researchers, software companies, and to the educators to improve ERD reasoning process. Through these measures several design guidelines can be developed for better graphical representations and modeling of the information which would improve quality of these diagrams. Moreover, some reviewing instructions can be developed for the software engineers to improve their reviewing process in ERD. These guidelines in turn will provide some tools for the educators to improve design and review skills of future software engineers. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Remote laboratory development as an action research: A case study
(2012) Çağıltay, Nergiz; Tokdemir, Gül; Aydın, Elif; Kara, Ali; Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering; Computer Engineering; Software Engineering
This work presents a case study about how action research (AR) has been conducted in developing a real-life educational system. An explanation is given of the modified implementation of the classical AR methodology, based on the requirements of a remote laboratory system developed for the vocational training of students in higher education. This study reports a successful implementation of AR stages which established for the development process of a remote laboratory system along with the design of several research questions explored in each step of the system development process. It is believed that the outcomes of the study will help AR implementers to organize their research objectives, more appropriately, by addressing the organizational problems. The results of this study are also expected to guide the AR implementers to better integrate their research in solving domain specific practical problems.
Citation Count: 23
A serious game for speech disorder children therapy
(2012) Cagatay,M.; Ege,P.; Tokdemir,G.; Cagiltay,N.E.; Computer Engineering
Today meaning of games is much more serious than just considering them as an entertainment and free-time activity. Games have begun to be used in many different areas such as education, healthcare, military, corporate management and public policy for different purposes. Several benefits of serious games have been reported in the literature. Studies also show that with a combination of entertainment and education (edutainment) several benefits could be achieved in the rehabilitation process of the disordered individuals. This study reports the advantages of 3D game environments for speech and language therapy of children and benefits of making the treatment process accessible from anywhere and anytime are demonstrated. © 2012 IEEE.
Citation Count: 0
The usability Study for the Personal Health Record Systems
(Ieee, 2015) Gokay, Gonca; Ercil, Yavuz; Tokdemir, Gul; Cagiltay, Nergiz; Aykac, Y. Evren; Computer Engineering; Software Engineering
With the emergence of new technologies, there is an increasing number of studies to improve healthcare delivery quality and health services. The studies have shown that the focus should be on integrated, sharable and personalized healthcare solutions which requires usage of patient data as much as possible for fast and correct diagnosis and care. Hence, data related to people when they are healthy and when they are sick become very critical for which many projects have been initiated to increase awareness of people about the importance of data collection all over the world and in our country as well. This requires more active role of the citizens in tracking their healthcare data. In this study, Microsoft Health Vault system that is used for storage of personal health records, has been analyzed in terms of its usability characteristics and the results have been discussed.
Citation Count: 1
A user task design notation for improved software design
(Peerj inc, 2021) Ozcan, Eda; Topalli, Damla; Tokdemir, Gul; Cagiltay, Nergiz Ercil; Information Systems Engineering; Computer Engineering; Software Engineering
System design is recognized as one of the most critical components of a software system that bridges system requirements and coding. System design also has a significant impact on testing and maintenance activities, and on further improvements during the lifespan of the software system. Software design should reflect all necessary components of the requirements in a clear and understandable manner by all stakeholders of the software system. To distinguish system elements, separation of concerns in software design is suggested. In this respect, identification of the user tasks, i.e., the tasks that need to be performed by the user, is not currently reflected explicitly in system design documents. Our main assumption in this study is that software quality can be improved significantly by clearly identifying the user tasks from those that need to be performed by the computer system itself. Additionally, what we propose has the potential to better reflect the user requirements and main objectives of the system on the software design and thereby to improve software quality. The main aim of this study is to introduce a novel notation for software developers in the frame of UML Activity Diagram (UML-AD) that enables designers to identify the user tasks and define them separately from the system tasks. For this purpose, an extension of UML-AD, named UML-ADE (UML-Activity Diagram Extended) was proposed. Afterwards, it was implemented in a serious game case for which the specification of user tasks is extremely important. Finally, its effectiveness was analyzed and compared to UML-AD experimentally with 72 participants. The defect detection performance of the participants on both diagrams with two real-life serious game scenarios was evaluated. Results show a higher level of understandability for those using UML-ADE, which in turn may indicate a better design and higher software quality. The results encourage researchers to develop specific design representations dedicated to task design to improve system quality and to conduct further evaluations of the impact of these design on each of the above mentioned potential benefits for the software systems.
Citation Count: 1
A user task design notation for improved software design
(PeerJ Inc., 2021) Ozcan,E.; Topalli,D.; Tokdemir,G.; Cagiltay,N.E.; Computer Engineering; Information Systems Engineering
System design is recognized as one of the most critical components of a software system that bridges system requirements and coding. System design also has a significant impact on testing and maintenance activities, and on further improvements during the lifespan of the software system. Software design should reflect all necessary components of the requirements in a clear and understandable manner by all stakeholders of the software system. To distinguish system elements, separation of concerns in software design is suggested. In this respect, identification of the user tasks, i.e., the tasks that need to be performed by the user, is not currently reflected explicitly in system design documents. Our main assumption in this study is that software quality can be improved significantly by clearly identifying the user tasks from those that need to be performed by the computer system itself. Additionally, what we propose has the potential to better reflect the user requirements and main objectives of the system on the software design and thereby to improve software quality. The main aim of this study is to introduce a novel notation for software developers in the frame of UML Activity Diagram (UMLAD) that enables designers to identify the user tasks and define them separately from the system tasks. For this purpose, an extension of UML-AD, named UML-ADE (UML-Activity Diagram Extended) was proposed. Afterwards, it was implemented in a serious game case for which the specification of user tasks is extremely important. Finally, its effectiveness was analyzed and compared to UML-AD experimentally with 72 participants. The defect detection performance of the participants on both diagrams with two real-life serious game scenarios was evaluated. Results show a higher level of understandability for those using UML-ADE, which in turn may indicate a better design and higher software quality. The results encourage researchers to develop specific design representations dedicated to task design to improve system quality and to conduct further evaluations of the impact of these design on each of the above mentioned potential benefits for the software systems. © Copyright 2021 Ozcan et al.