Browsing by Author "Saygan, Bahar Bahtiyar"

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Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 5
Do Preterm Babies Sleep Differently Than Their Peers? Sleep Characteristics and Their Associations With Maternal Depression and Parenting Stress
(Elsevier, 2022) Akkus, Pinar Zengin; Bahtiyar-Saygan, Bahar; Department of Psychology
Objectives: The findings regarding the association between prematurity, sleep problems, and maternal psychological well-being are mixed. This study examined preterm- and term-born infants' sleep patterns, ecology, and problems, in addition to the associations of these patterns with maternal parenting stress and depressive symptomatology. Methods: In total, 84 mothers of infants between 6 and 17 months of corrected age, in which 40 were preterm infants and 44 were healthy full-term infants, participated in the study. Children's sleep was evaluated by the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Maternal depressive symptoms were screened by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Maternal parenting stress was measured via the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. Results: In preterm infants, lower total and nocturnal sleep duration and later falling asleep time were identified compared to term infants. Regarding sleep ecology, the percentages of poor sleepers, mother's perception of child's and her own sleep problems were similar in both groups. While the most common method of falling asleep was 'rocking the baby' in the preterm group, it was 'breastfeeding' in the term group. In both groups, the maternal perception of sleep problems positively predicted maternal parenting stress. Lastly, compared to good sleepers, higher maternal parenting stress, higher maternal perception of mother's and child's sleep problems, and lower infants' age were identified among poor sleepers. Conclusions: Despite many similarities in the sleep characteristics of preterm and term infants, several differences in sleep patterns and sleep ecology of preterm infants were identified. Since the maternal perception of sleep problems was found to predict parenting stress, guidance on infant sleep is suggested to support families. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Longitudinal Changes in Attachment Patterns of Preterm Infants Born in a Non-Western Country
(Wiley, 2021) Akkus, P. Zengin; Saygan, B. Bahtiyar; Bahadur, E. Ilter; Ozdemir, G.; Celik, H. T.; Ozmert, E. N.; Department of Psychology
Unexpected early birth of an infant may affect the attachment formation of mother-child dyads. This longitudinal study aimed to explore mother-infant attachment patterns of very preterm (VPT) and preterm (PT) infants compared to their term-born peers in a non-Western country. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants, maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms, and sociodemographic features were evaluated to explore their effects on attachment. Eighteen VPT, 11 PT, 11 term infants and their mothers participated. Observations of attachment patterns and neurodevelopmental assessments were performed at 18 and 24 months of corrected age. This study identified a change in attachment patterns of VPT infants over time such that VPT infants tended to have less insecure attachment patterns with their mothers at the end of the infancy period. While motor and language development scores were associated with attachment patterns at 18 months, models predicting attachment patterns were no longer significant at 24 months. Therefore, change in VPT infants' developmental outcomes and attachment patterns over time suggests that preterm birth itself is not necessarily a risk factor for developing insecure attachment patterns; yet, developmental delays may account for insecure attachment patterns. It is suggested that efforts to promote developmental outcomes of preterm infants may improve mother-child attachment.
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Tanısı İle Yaşamak: Ailelerin Deneyimleri
(2021) Akkuş, Pınar Zengin; Saygan, Bahar Bahtiyar; Bahadur, Evin İlter; Çak, Tuna; Özmert, Elif Nursel; Department of Psychology
Amaç: Sosyal ve iletişimsel kısıtlılık ile tekrarlayıcı ve kısıtlı davranışlarla karakterize bir nörogelişimsel bozukluk olan Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu’nun (OSB) sıklığı dünyada giderek artmaktadır. OSB tanısı konan çocukların tipik gelişim gösteren yaşıtlarına göre gereksinimlerinin daha fazla olması, bu gereksinimleri karşılama sorumluluğunu da arttırmakta ve bu durum ailelerin hayatını zorlaştırabilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, okul öncesi dönemde OSB tanısı konmuş çocuğu olan ailelerin yaşadıkları deneyimlerin ve tanının yaşamlarına etkisinin derinlemesine incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu amaçla OSB tanısı konmuş çocuğu olan 19 anne ile yarı yapılandırılmış bireysel görüşmeler yapılıp, sonrasında veriler tematik analiz yöntemiyle kodlanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonucunda, OSB tanısının aile ilişkileri, sosyal yaşam ve iş hayatı üzerinde yarattığı olumsuz etkiler ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca, OSB tanısı konmuş çocuğun ve ebeveynlerinin günlük hayatta, okul hayatında ve sağlık hizmeti alırken yaşadıkları zorluklar belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın bulguları, OSB tanısı konmuş çocuğu olan ailelerin deneyimlerini ve yaşadıkları zorlukları derinlemesine anlama olanağı verdiğinden, alanda hizmet verenler ve politika yapıcılar tarafından dikkate alınmasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 7
Preterm Birth and Maternal Sensitivity: Findings From a Non-Western Country
(Elsevier Science inc, 2020) Akkus, P. Zengin; Saygan, B. Bahtiyar; Bahadur, E. Ilter; Ozdemir, G.; Ozmert, E. N.; Department of Psychology
Introduction: Although there are several studies on maternal sensitivity of preterm-born children conducted in Western countries, the factors affecting the sensitivity of mothers of preterm infants have not been investigated outside the Western context. Objectives: This study aimed to compare maternal sensitivity of preterm children at 18 months of corrected age with their healthy term-born peers and explore the factors associated with maternal sensitivity in a middle-income non-Western country. Moreover, the associations of maternal sensitivity with socio-demographic factors, maternal depression, and social-emotional competency and behavior problems of infants were investigated. Methods: In total, 70 (40 preterm-born and 30 term-born) mother-child dyads participated in this study. An observation-based measurement tool, Maternal Sensitivity Scale, was used to assess maternal sensitivity. Social-emotional competency and behavior problems of infants were evaluated via The Turkish version of the Brief Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed via the Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, a demographic information form was filled out by the mothers. Results: Maternal sensitivity scores of preterm infants were significantly lower compared to term infants. Depressive symptoms scores and employment status of mothers, socio-economic status (SES), gestational age, breastfeeding duration, and behavior problems of children were the factors related to maternal sensitivity scores. In hierarchical regression analysis, SES and gestational age were the strongest predictors of maternal sensitivity. After controlling SES and gestational age, maternal depressive symptoms scores negatively predicted maternal sensitivity scores. Conclusion: This study pointed out the factors associated with the maternal sensitivity of preterm infants outside the Western context. Interventions to improve sensitive parenting behaviors of preterm infants are needed, especially in socio-economically disadvantaged groups.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 3
The Role of Temperament and Parenting on Anxiety Problems Among Toddlers: Moderating Role of Parenting and Mediating Role of Attachment
(Wiley, 2022) Bahtiyar-Saygan, Bahar; Berument, Sibel Kazak; Department of Psychology
Anxiety problems are seen as early as 1-2 years of age. Among others, parenting and child temperament are considered as the most important factors affecting anxiety in early childhood. In the current study, the unique roles of parenting (maternal overprotectiveness and warmth) and temperament (behavioral inhibition and negative emotionality), parenting-temperament interactions, and mediating role of ambivalent attachment between behavioral inhibition and anxiety were investigated. One-hundred mother-child (18-36-month-old) dyads participated in this study. Children's anxiety and temperament were measured through mother-reported scales, attachment was measured by observation via home visits, and parenting dimensions were measured via both mother-reported scales and observation. The results revealed that behavioral inhibition and overprotectiveness were positively associated with toddlers' anxiety, whereas there were no significant direct associations of negative emotionality and warmth with anxiety. However, the interaction between behavioral inhibition and warmth predicted toddler's anxiety; that is, if behaviorally inhibited children had mothers who were low on warmth, those children were more likely to exhibit anxiety symptoms compared to children with low behavioral inhibition, whereas anxiety levels did not change for children of warm mothers. Ambivalent attachment mediated the relationship between behavioral inhibition and anxiety. The nature of parent-child interactions is discussed based on toddlerhood anxiety.
Yaşam Boyu Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerinin Gelişimi
(2021) Saygan, Bahar Bahtiyar; Uludağlı, Nilay Peker; Department of Psychology
Günümüzde hemen hemen her çocuk, cinsiyet rollerinin sosyal olarak inşa edildiği bir topluma doğmakta ve bu roller bazında ayrıştırılmış bir dünyada büyümektedir. Bebeklik ve çocukluk dönemi boyunca sosyalleştirme sürecinde rol oynayan aile, arkadaş, medya gibi faktörlerin etkisiyle çocuklar, toplum tarafından belirlenen ve uyum göstermeleri beklenen cinsiyet rollerini öğrenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda cinsiyet farklılıklarına bakıldığında, kız çocukları daha baskıcı yaklaşımlarla karşılaşmakta ve onların, oğlan çocuklarına göre daha uysal, boyun eğen, uyumlu, duygularını gösteren, ilişkilere önem veren bir biçimde davranmaları istenmektedir. Öte yandan oğlan çocukları ise baskın, güçlü, bağımsız ve duygu kontrolüne sahip olarak yetiştirilmekte ve her koşulda bu doğrultuda davranmaları beklenmektedir. Bebeklikten ergenliğe bu öğretilerle sosyalleştirilen çocuklar, kendi ebeveynlerinin sergilediği cinsiyet rollerinden de güçlü bir şekilde etkilenerek, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini içselleştirmektedir. İçselleştirilmiş bu cinsiyet rollerinin etkisi yaşam boyu sürmektedir. Cinsiyet kalıpyargılarının hem kadınlar hem de erkekler üzerinde kısa ve uzun vadede baskı ve strese neden olduğu bilinmekte, toplumun cinsiyet bazlı beklentilerine uyum gösterme ihtiyacı bireylerin psikolojik sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Son yıllarda cinsiyet eşitliği konusunda toplumsal farkındalık artsa da halen birçok ülkede pek çok alanda cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin sürdüğü bilinmektedir. Sonuç olarak, ilgili alan yazında tutarlı bir şekilde belirtildiği gibi, toplumsal cinsiyet psikolojisi her iki cinsiyeti de yaşamlarının her döneminde etkilemekte ve bu da cinsiyet eşitliğine yönelik politikaların önemini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır.