Aydin, ElifAydın, ElifCan, SultanCan, SultanDepartment of Electrical & Electronics Engineering2024-07-052024-07-05201290895-247710.1002/mop.268382-s2.0-84858771287https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.26838https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14411/1394Can/0000-0002-9001-0506This article presents the calculation of upper and lower operating frequencies with the expressions of effective side length, effective permittivity, and correction factor to develop accurate lower and upper operating frequencies of a single feed, a shorting pin-loaded equilateral triangular patch, that is, analyzed through a cavity model. To insert permittivity and shorting pin position effects correction factor expressions are determined empirically for both upper and lower frequencies. The various positions of the shorting pin, substrate thickness and side length properties are considered by calculating both upper and lower frequencies. The results from this study are compared with research in the literature comprising results from both experimental and transmission line models. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:14321435, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26838eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessequilateral triangular patch antennadual frequencyshorting pinoperating frequencyArticleQ454614321435WOS:000301715800026