Yi, HeBalakrishnan, NarayanaswamyLi, Xiang2026-02-052026-02-0520260951-83201879-083610.1016/j.ress.2026.1122152-s2.0-105027639135https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2026.112215In the context of consecutive k-type systems, multi-state system models are only considered in the onedimensional case and not in the two-dimensional case due to the complexity involved. In this paper, we consider several linear two-dimensional consecutive k-type systems in the multi-state case for the first time, as generalization of consecutive k-out-of-n systems and l-consecutive-k-out-of-n systems without/with overlapping. These systems include multi-state linear connected-(k, r)-out-of-(m, n): G systems, multi-state linear connected-(k, r)-or-(r, k)-out-of-(m, n): G systems, multi-state linear 1-connected-(k, r)-out-of-(m, n): G systems without/with overlapping, and multi-state linear 1-connected-(k, r)-or-(r, k)-out-of-(m, n): G systems without/with overlapping. We then derive their reliability functions by using the finite Markov chain imbedding approach (FMCIA) in a new way. We also present several examples to illustrate all the results developed here.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessMulti-State SystemTwo-Dimensional SystemConsecutive K-Type SystemSystem Without/With Overlapping ComponentsFinite Markov Chain Imbedding Approach (Fmcia)Article