Melikoglu, MehmetLin, Carol Sze KiWebb, ColinEnergy Systems Engineering2024-07-052024-07-052013551369-703X1873-295X10.1016/j.bej.2013.09.0162-s2.0-84885910005https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2013.09.016https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14411/261Webb, Colin/0000-0002-4094-2524; Lin, Carol Sze Ki/0000-0002-8493-4307The aim of this study was kinetic analysis of the multi-enzyme solution produced from waste bread via solid state fermentation by Aspergillus awamori. It was found that at normal temperature for hydrolysis reactions, 60 degrees C, the activation energies for denaturation of A. awamori glucoamylase, 176.2 kJ/mol, and protease, 149.9 kJ/mol, are much higher than those for catalysis of bread starch, 46.3 kJ/mol, and protein, 36.8 kJ/mol. Kinetic studies showed that glucoamylase and protease in the multi-enzyme solution should have at least two conformations under the two temperature ranges: 30-55 degrees C and 60-70 degrees C. Thermodynamic analysis showed that, deactivation of glucoamylase and protease in the multi-enzyme solution can be reversible between 30 degrees C and 55 degrees C, since Delta S is negative and Delta H is positive. On the other hand, for glucoamylase and protease, both Delta S and Delta H are positive between 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C. This means that the deactivation of both enzymes in the multi-enzyme solution is spontaneous in this temperature range. It was also found that the glucoamylase produced in the solid state fermentation of waste bread is more thermally stable than the protease in the mixture. Consequently, the protease had little or no effect on the stability of the glucoamylase. Furthermore, the half-life of the glucoamylase produced from waste bread pieces was much higher than that produced from wheat flour. This is an important finding because the mode of production, via solid state fermentation, appears to have increased the thermostability of the enzyme significantly. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessEnzyme kineticsGlucoamylaseThermal deactivationProteaseWaste breadArticleQ2Q2807682WOS:000327573000011