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Book Part Citation - Scopus: 3Making Foreign Policy Through Twitter: an Analysis of Trump's Tweets on Iran(IGI Global, 2020) Orhan,D.D.Through the development of technology, the understanding of traditional foreign policy has changed. Foreign policy making, which was shaped by diplomatic correspondence, visits, agreements, and notes between countries, is carried out today via messages sent over the Internet. Twitter is the most frequently used internet tool in the hands of institutions, decision makers, and leaders in foreign policy making. US President Donald J. Trump is one of the leaders who use Twitter most effectively. Twitter was the center of Trump's messages, both during the presidential campaign and after his election. Trump is not just using Twitter as a platform for meeting his supporters and announcing the country's official policies. Twitter has also been an important way for Trump to challenge and send harsh messages to certain countries, companies, and individuals. Iran is one of the countries that Trump targets through Twitter. This study aims to examine the use of Twitter as a platform in foreign policy making by using content analysis method through Trump's tweets about Iran. © 2021, IGI Global.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 1Materials and Processes for Treatment of Microbiological Pollution in Water(Springer, 2021) Alazzawi,M.; Turkoglu Sasmazel,H.Clean and safe water is vital for the life and health of human beings. However, there are still millions of people around the world with inadequate clean water sources. Microbiological pollution is one of the most concerned water pollutants and is the crucial cause of waterborne diseases like diarrhea, resulting in about two million deaths annually due to severe dehydration (WHO in Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Incorporating the first addendum, WHO, Geneva, 2017). It is critical to develop methods using advanced materials and process to mitigate contaminants from water resources. Production of safe water usually involves disinfection and decontamination processes. Conventional disinfection process, such as chlorination, is challenged by the formation of disinfection by-products. Furthermore, the presence of emerging pathogenic, that resist conventional water treatment techniques, raised the crucial necessity for emerging materials and techniques for treating water from microbiological pollution (Shannon et al. in Nature 452:301–310, 2008). This chapter describes bacterial, viral, and protozoal microbiological pollution in water supplies and the application of emerging materials and techniques to eliminate such contaminations. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 1Web Privacy: Issues, Legislations, and Technological Challenges(IGI Global, 2008) Mishra,A.; Mishra,D.People all over the world increasingly are concerned about the privacy issues surrounding the personal information collected by private organizations, governments and employers. Privacy relates to issues regarding collection, secure transmission, storage, authorized access, usage, and disclosure of personal information. This information is used for commercial gain by many organizations. Individual privacy concerns significantly affects consumer willingness to engage in electronic commerce over the Internet. The increased use of the Internet and Web for everyday activities is bringing new threats to personal privacy. This chapter assessed various issues related to individual privacy on the Web, growing concerns among the Web users, technologies employed for collecting and protecting information on the Web, privacy-enhancing technologies and the legal provisions to curb the Web privacy. This chapter also reported detailed discussion about Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P), its structure, present scenario of its implementation and its future success. Global consistency on Internet privacy protection is important to promote the growth of electronic commerce. To protect consumers in a globally consistent manner, legislation, self-regulation, technical solutions and combination solutions are different ways that can be implemented. © 2008, IGI Global.Book Part Clinical Development of Quinone-Based Drugs(Elsevier, 2024) Altuner, E.E.; Issa, G.; Ozalp, V.C.; Aldemir, O.; Torlak, Y.; Dar, U.A.This chapter provides a detailed explanation of the clinical investigations, pharmacological effects, and characteristics of quinone and quinone derivatives, along with references to pertinent sources. Although quinones have an oxygen group in their structure, they are quickly oxidized and interact with reactive oxygen species. This demonstrates how quinones work as drugs. Quinones and their derivatives are used as medications to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancer, lung, kidney, brain, and tumor disorders. Each of the following has effects on a different area of health; lapochols, anthraquinones, naphthoquinone and its derivatives, and other wide range of quinone derivatives are thoroughly explored in this chapter. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Book Part Drawing a Portrait of Refugee Representation in Turkish Newspapers: A Framing Analysis of Hürriyet and Sabah(Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., 2020) Özoran, Beris Artan; Seyidov, IlgarBook Part Impacts of Economic and Institutional Dynamics on New Media Applications Penetration: Sample Country Analysis(IGI Global, 2020) Benli,H.E.New media applications become vital in order to compete as a country and as human beings. Despite the positive impact and increasing global usage of new media applications, some countries have low new media applications penetration when others have high. This should be analyzed and evaluated within the countries' own macroeconomic and institutional dynamics. Dynamic motives as institutional, macroeconomic, infrastructural, and political factors heavily divined and also easily damage the current and future conditions of the countries. This work conceptually and concretely investigated the role of specific factors. Macroeconomic factors are determined as population, GDP growth rate, and population rate of the countries. Institutional factors are evaluated through political stability index, rule of law index, and civil liberties index of each sample country. Infrastructural factors, business environment, and investments were analyzed with looking at international internet bandwidth per internet users and competitiveness data for countries. © 2021, IGI Global.Book Part Gender Representation in New Media Through Global Calendar Photographs(IGI Global, 2020) Karabacak,Z.I.; Özgen,Ö.New media that enables access to more people is a preferred platform by Lavazza for bringing together consumers from all around the world within the framework of coffee culture by means of photography. Lavazza calendar photos (1993-2012) have been analysed using Dyer's non-verbal communication means and lines of appeal under the following headings: "Sexually Highlighted Female Body in Lavazza Calendar Photos, ″ "Different Sexual Orientations as Secondary Emphasis of Lavazza Calendar Photos, ″ "Idealized Body Look of Models of Lavazza Calendars, ″ "Roles of Women and Men in Family in Lavazza Calendar Photos, ″ "Queens and Superheroines in Lavazza Calendars, ″ "Widespread Representation of White Race in Lavazza Calendar Photos, ″ "Italian Cities and Italian Local and National Items in Lavazza Calendars, ″ "Signs of Different Geography, Culture and Life Styles in Lavazza Calendar Photos, ″ and "Lines of Appeal in Lavazza Calendar Photos.'' According to the findings, both non-verbal means of communication in terms of gender and lines of appeal in Lavazza calendar photos in new media have changed over the years. © 2021, IGI Global.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 3Ion Exchange Membranes in Electrodialysis Process for Wastewater Treatment(Elsevier, 2023) Altıok,E.; Cihanoğlu,A.; Güler,E.; Kabay,N.Water is the most important natural resource on earth. Survival without water is impossible and industries cannot operate without water as well. Availability of safe and reliable source of water is therefore essential. Different practical solutions are needed for sustainable preservation of water resources as freshwater resources are limited in terms of technical and economical aspects. Membrane technologies can be applied to water and wastewater treatment for removal of various unwanted substances from water. Recently, the utilization of membrane technologies in the water purification sector has grown exponentially. Compared to conventional reclamation methods, membrane technologies are much more efficient for removal of various contaminants and they are able to overcome more stringent water regulations. Membrane separation processes employed for water treatment include reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and electrodialysis (ED). In this chapter, we reviewed the basic principles of electromembrane processes, such as ED, electrodeionization, electrodialysis reversal, and bipolar membrane ED based on ion exchange membranes (IEMs) along with few examples of the use of these processes in water and wastewater treatment. In addition, fouling of IEMs is also discussed. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 1Business Cycles and Energy Real Options Valuation(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Kenc,T.; Ekinci,M.F.This paper uses a real options approach to value energy projects whose cash flows follow a normal distribution and subject to macroeconomic risks. Large and irreversible energy investments are usually modelled in real options frameworks with lognormal distributions. This line of research omits two important factors for energy investments. They are the existence of negative cash flows and the impact of business cycles. We developed a unified framework to capture the implications of these omitted features. The framework is based on an arithmetic Brownian motion (ABM) process for the dynamics of cash flows with regime shifts. Our numerical analysis provide results on investment triggering cash flow critical values, probability of investing and optimal investment time. Comparing these results with those obtained under a conventional real option value framework with geometric Brownian motion (GBM) suggests that there are significant differences across these models. The results indicate that ABM investors are more likely to invest within a specified period. Numerical analysis also points that macroeconomic risks are important for investors. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021, corrected publication 2021.Book Part Smart Urban Planning(Taylor and Francis, 2017) Huston,S.; Jadevicius,A.; Zafer Sahin,S.Smart urban development recognises the interconnection between urban, social, ecological and economic spheres but also requires a robust governance framework, innovation and institutional learning. Smart urban development involves multidisciplinary collaboration and widespread consultation. Big data and high-tech decision-support systems (DSS) can be part of the solution but not without administrative competency, civic professionalism and policy learning. Strategic plans should balance logistic infrastructure imperatives with ecological and local considerations. Institutionally, traditional planning confronts alternate policy foci. For Healy 'Clashes between conceptual frameworks and legitimising rationales are commonplace'. The rapidly evolving global economy accentuates stakeholder tensions. Urban regeneration quality is multifaceted but considerations include architecture and design merit, density and housing affordability, public realm enhancement, connective infrastructure. Smart development is adaptable and evolves in response to multiple pressures. It operates in a networked, collaborative system of vertical, horizontal and bottom-up local institutions. © 2018 selection and editorial matter, Simon Huston; individual chapters, the contributors.
