Seçimler Sonucu Oluşan “Askıda Başkan” ve “Beklemede Başkan” Kavramları İlişkisinde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Askıda Başkanın Görev ve Yetkilerinin Sınırı
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Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’nde uygulama alanı bulan başkanlık hükümeti sistemi, model olma işlevini sürdürmektedir. Yasama ile yürütme organı arasındaki katı ayrılık başkanlık sisteminin belirleyici unsurudur. Ancak bu sistemin en önemli yönü, yani ayırt edici özelliği, doğrudan halk tarafından seçimle işbaşına getirilen Başkanın, tek başlı yürütme yapılanması ile görevini sürdürmesidir. ABD’de başkanlık seçimlerinin yapıldığı tarih ile görevin devredileceği tarih arasında yaklaşık iki buçuk aylık bir süre bulunmaktadır. Bu sürenin oluşumu, ABD’de seçimlerin işleyişindeki çok boyutlu ve karmaşık sistemden kaynaklanmaktadır. Devletin yapısal örgütlenmesi ile bütünleşen seçim sistemine bağlı olarak seçimi kazanan (beklemede Başkan) ile seçimi kaybeden ve görevi devredecek Başkanın (askıda Başkan) kullanacağı yetkilerin sınırlandırılmış olup olmadığının değerlendirilmesi ve buna bağlı olarak bir sınır tayin edilmesi gereksinimi açıktır. Dolayısıyla bu makalede, seçim sonuçlarının ilanına bağlı olarak yeni başkanın başkanlık sıfatını kazanması ile göreve başlaması arasında geçen süre zarfında görevdeki başkanın “işgüder başkan” olarak yetki kullanması ve bu sebeple de gerçekleştirebileceği tasarrufların sınırlandırılması gerektiği savunulmaktadır.
The presidential government system, which is implemented in the United States of America (USA), continues to serve as a model. The strict separation between the legislative and executive branches is the defining characteristic of the presidential system. However, the most important aspect of this system, that is, its distinguishing feature, is that the President, who is directly elected by the people, continues his duty with a single-headed executive structure. There is a period of approximately two and a half months between the date of the presidential elections and the date of transfer of the power. The formation of this period derives from the multidimensional and complex system in which elections operate in the USA. Depending on the election system integrated with the structural organization of the state it is clear that it is necessary to evaluate whether the powers to be exercised by the winner of the election (pendent President) and the President who loses the election and will transfer the power (pending President) are limited and to determine a limit accordingly. Although the concept of “lame duck” is also used in the literature, in this study, the concept in question is mentioned but the new suggested concepts are used. Therefore, in this article, it is argued that, during the period between the new president wining the presidential duty and taking office, depending on the announcement of the election results, the president in office should exercise authority as an “caretaker president” and therefore the transactions he can make should be limited.
The presidential government system, which is implemented in the United States of America (USA), continues to serve as a model. The strict separation between the legislative and executive branches is the defining characteristic of the presidential system. However, the most important aspect of this system, that is, its distinguishing feature, is that the President, who is directly elected by the people, continues his duty with a single-headed executive structure. There is a period of approximately two and a half months between the date of the presidential elections and the date of transfer of the power. The formation of this period derives from the multidimensional and complex system in which elections operate in the USA. Depending on the election system integrated with the structural organization of the state it is clear that it is necessary to evaluate whether the powers to be exercised by the winner of the election (pendent President) and the President who loses the election and will transfer the power (pending President) are limited and to determine a limit accordingly. Although the concept of “lame duck” is also used in the literature, in this study, the concept in question is mentioned but the new suggested concepts are used. Therefore, in this article, it is argued that, during the period between the new president wining the presidential duty and taking office, depending on the announcement of the election results, the president in office should exercise authority as an “caretaker president” and therefore the transactions he can make should be limited.
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Hukuk, Siyasi Bilimler
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48
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13
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40
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checked on Jun 16, 2026
