Seçim sistemleri ve Türkiye için yeni bir model önerisi
Loading...
Date
2020
Authors
Ülker, Halil İbrahim
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Open Access Color
OpenAIRE Downloads
OpenAIRE Views
Abstract
Demokrasi kavramı denilince egemenliğin halka ait olduğu, yönetme yetkisinin ise halk tarafından doğrudan ya da halk tarafından seçilmiş temsilciler eliyle kullanıldığı siyasi rejim aklımıza gelmektedir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında tarihsel süreç içerisinde gelişim gösteren demokrasi kavramı günümüz için en ideal yönetim biçimi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde halkın kendisini doğrudan yönetmesi pek mümkün görünmemektedir. Ancak seçtikleri temsilciler aracılığıyla yönetmesi çok daha makul görünmektedir. Bu anlayış temsili demokrasi kavramının da kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Seçimlerin yapılması o ülkenin demokratik olduğu anlamına da gelmemelidir. Seçimler düzenli aralıklarla, adil, hür ve eşit şekilde demokratik ölçütlere uygun bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmelidir. Seçim sistemleri, seçimde halkın kullandığı oyların parlamentolarda temsilcilerin sandalye dağılımlarına dönüştürülmesi için kullanılmaktadır. Seçim sistemlerine bakıldığında 'temsilde adalet' ve 'yönetimde istikrar' ilkelerinden birisi daha ağır basmaktadır. Temsilde adalet sisteminin baskın unsur olarak yer aldığı sistemlere nispi temsil; yönetimde istikrar ilkesinin baskın unsur olarak yer aldığı sistemlere ise çoğunluk sistemi denilmektedir. Bu iki ilkeyi de eşit olarak uygulamak isteyen ülkeler ise karma seçim sistemleri geliştirmişlerdir. Türkiye'de geçmişten bugüne birçok seçim sistemi uygulanmış ancak üzerinde tam bir uzlaşının sağlandığı bir seçim modelinin uygulandığı söylenemez. Çalışma sonucunda Türkiye için halen tartışmalı olan seçim sistemine çözüm olabilecek öneriler sunulacaktır.
It could be understood that it is a political regime which the people have absolute sovereignty and the governing authority held directly by public itself or through elected representatives, when the democracy term is told. The progressed democracy through history appears like the most ideal governing system among others when we viewed form this aspect. It is not so possible that the people govern themselves in modern conditions. Otherwise it is more plausible to govern the public by elected representatives. As attachment this perspective underlies the principles of representative democracy. On the other hand it is not meant to be democratic that a country holds elections. Elections have to be held regularly, fair, free, and in accordance with democratic standarts. Electoral Systems are used for transforming the votes of the public into the proper seat distribution of representatives in the parliament. One of the following principles overbalances 'Equilibrium in Representation' and 'Stability in Governing' when we consider with electoral systems. The systems which the equilibrium in representation is dominant factor is called as proportional representation, otherwise the system which the stability in governing is dominant factor is called as majority system. The countries that want to implement those two principle equally has developped hybrid systems. We can not claim that is has been implemented an absolutely conclusive electoral system though so many diffferent electoral system had been tried in Turkish Republic. Some proposals which could be an alternative solution fort he controversial electoral system of Turkish Republic will be presented at the end of article.
It could be understood that it is a political regime which the people have absolute sovereignty and the governing authority held directly by public itself or through elected representatives, when the democracy term is told. The progressed democracy through history appears like the most ideal governing system among others when we viewed form this aspect. It is not so possible that the people govern themselves in modern conditions. Otherwise it is more plausible to govern the public by elected representatives. As attachment this perspective underlies the principles of representative democracy. On the other hand it is not meant to be democratic that a country holds elections. Elections have to be held regularly, fair, free, and in accordance with democratic standarts. Electoral Systems are used for transforming the votes of the public into the proper seat distribution of representatives in the parliament. One of the following principles overbalances 'Equilibrium in Representation' and 'Stability in Governing' when we consider with electoral systems. The systems which the equilibrium in representation is dominant factor is called as proportional representation, otherwise the system which the stability in governing is dominant factor is called as majority system. The countries that want to implement those two principle equally has developped hybrid systems. We can not claim that is has been implemented an absolutely conclusive electoral system though so many diffferent electoral system had been tried in Turkish Republic. Some proposals which could be an alternative solution fort he controversial electoral system of Turkish Republic will be presented at the end of article.
Description
Keywords
Kamu Yönetimi, Siyasal Bilimler, Demokrasi, Public Administration, Political Science, Seçim barajı, Democracy, Seçim sistemleri, Threshold, Election systems, Seçimler, Elections
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
0
End Page
153