Uluslaşma Süreci İçerisinde Eğitim ve Köy Enstitüleri
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Date
2019
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Abstract
Uluslaşma süreci içerisinde yeni bir toplum modeli yaratma amacı taşıyan bunu uyguladığı eğitim ve öğretim programıyla sağlamaya çalışan Köy Enstitüleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışma üç bölümden gelmiştir. Osmanlı dönemi eğitim, Cumhuriyet dönemi eğitim çalışmaları ve o dönemde yapılan devrimler ve sonrasında kurulan Köy Enstitüleri ele alınmıştır. Köy Enstitüleri biranda ortaya çıkan ve biranda eğitim vermeye başlayan bir kurum olmamıştır. Enstitüleri ortaya çıkaran nedenler ile birlikte eğitim ve öğretim niteliği anlatılarak anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Verdiği eğitim ve öğretim Köy Enstitülerinin diğer eğitim kurumlarından farklı olduğunu göstermiştir; çünkü enstitüler köylere öğretmen yetiştirmekten ziyade çok yönlü lider yetiştire amacı gütmüştür. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda ise Köy Enstitüleri ülkenin sorunu olan eğitim ve öğretim üzerinde durmuş, aydınlanma ve yeni toplum meydana getirmenin ilk adımı köylerden başlaması gerçeğini ortaya koymuştur. Bununla beraber köylerden kentlere göçü engellemiş, kültür devrimini ulus devlet anlayışına bağlı gerçekleştirmeye çalışmıştır. Aydın bir sınıf oluşturmak yerine milleti aydın bir toplum haline getirme amacı taşıdığı görülmüştür. Öğrenci odaklı ve eğitimde eşitlik anlayışına bağlı kalan toplumsal dayanışmanın, teorik ve pratik bilgilerin beraber öğretildiği ezberci eğitim yapısına karşı olan bir eğitim kurumu olmuştur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Köy Enstitüleri, Eğitim- Öğretim, Cumhuriyet Devrimleri, Ulus Devlet, Kültür Devrimi.
Village Institutes, which bear the purpose of creating a new model of society within the process of nationhood and try to achieve this through its education and training programs, is the research subject of this thesis. This thesis comprises of three parts. Ottoman era education, republican era education works and revolutions as well as Village Institutes that was established later are considered in the extent of this thesis. Village Institutes was not suddenly come out and commenced to give education. Beside the grounds that caused the Village Institutes, the quality of education and training were tried to be explained. The education and training, which were given by Village Institutes show that they are different than other education instiitutions. The reason of this distinction isthe purpose of Village Institutes which aims to raise multifaceted leaders rather than mere teachers. In conclusion it can be stressed that Village Institutes took the problems of the country as focal points, which are education and training, and expressed the necessity that the first step of creating a new society and enlightenment must be taken in the context of villages. Moreover, these instituions prevented the immigration from villages to cities and tried to realize cultural revolution within the notion of nation-state. They aimed creating an enlightened nation rather than creating an enlightened class. It can be observed that they taught student oriented and egalitarian that committed to communal cooperation, theoretical and practical knowledge together. Village Institutes were founded as an educational establishment against rote-learning based education system. Finally, as a method, content analysis is utilized. Key Words: Village Institutes, Education-Training, Republican Revolutions, National Revolution and Cultural Revolution
Village Institutes, which bear the purpose of creating a new model of society within the process of nationhood and try to achieve this through its education and training programs, is the research subject of this thesis. This thesis comprises of three parts. Ottoman era education, republican era education works and revolutions as well as Village Institutes that was established later are considered in the extent of this thesis. Village Institutes was not suddenly come out and commenced to give education. Beside the grounds that caused the Village Institutes, the quality of education and training were tried to be explained. The education and training, which were given by Village Institutes show that they are different than other education instiitutions. The reason of this distinction isthe purpose of Village Institutes which aims to raise multifaceted leaders rather than mere teachers. In conclusion it can be stressed that Village Institutes took the problems of the country as focal points, which are education and training, and expressed the necessity that the first step of creating a new society and enlightenment must be taken in the context of villages. Moreover, these instituions prevented the immigration from villages to cities and tried to realize cultural revolution within the notion of nation-state. They aimed creating an enlightened nation rather than creating an enlightened class. It can be observed that they taught student oriented and egalitarian that committed to communal cooperation, theoretical and practical knowledge together. Village Institutes were founded as an educational establishment against rote-learning based education system. Finally, as a method, content analysis is utilized. Key Words: Village Institutes, Education-Training, Republican Revolutions, National Revolution and Cultural Revolution
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Eğitim ve Öğretim, Kamu Yönetimi, Siyasal Bilimler, Eğitim, Education and Training, Eğitim politikaları, Public Administration, Eğitim sistemi, Political Science, Education, Köy enstitüleri, Educational policies, Education system, Milliyetçilik, Village institutions, Ulus inşası, Nationalism, Nation building, Ulus-devlet, Nation-state
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