The Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of PSAS which measures pre-sleep arousal, a significant predictor of insomnia disorder.Methods: 651 participants were recruited via social media and the internet. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted in split-half samples (63.50% and 67.08% females; Mage1 = 28.56 ± 14.11, Mage2 = 27.63 ± 13.89). Convergent, divergent, incremental, and discriminant validity and internal consistency coefficients were assessed in a subsample of 556 participants (62.77% females; Mage3 = 29.25 ± 14.81). A third separate sample of 88 participants (80.68% females; Mage4 = 22.19 ± 4.98) was used to evaluate three-week test-retest reliability.Results: The results of factor analyses yielded a two-factor structure comprising cognitive (PSAS-C) and somatic (PSAS-S) factors. The correlation of the PSAS with convergent and divergent measures showed that the Turkish form had good convergent and acceptable divergent validity. PSAS-C and PSAS-S were able to explain the extra variance (17.70%) in insomnia severity beyond depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, insomnia patients had significantly higher PSAS-C and PSAS-S scores than the good sleepers. Finally, the PSAS, PSAS-C, and PSAS-S had satisfactory internal consistency coefficients (α = .92, .93, and .86, respectively) and three-week test-retest correlations (ICC = .82, .82, and .71, respectively).Conclusion: The Turkish form of PSAS was a valid and reliable measure of pre-sleep arousal and can be utilized in sleep studies.