Cezaevi yapılarında mekânsal ihtiyaçlar ve iç mekân algısı
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Date
2021
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Abstract
Cezaevlerinin başlıca temel amacı hükümlüleri hapsetme olduğundan dolayı, sürekli denetim altında tutmak düşüncesinin egemen olduğu mekânsal kurgulara sahiptir. Tarihsel Süreçte benimsenen cezaevi yapılarında kurgulanan mekânlar sayesinde insanlar sürekli olarak denetim ve gözetim altına alınmış, konuşma yasakları getirilmiş, mekânların boyutları ile hükümlülere baskı yapılmış, kullanılan malzemelerin vasat oluşu ile hükümlüler değersizleştirilmiştir. Mekân organizasyonları birçok hükümlü üzerinde olumsuz sonuçlar doğurmuştur. 20. yy'da cezaevlerinin yeniden değerlendirilmiş, insan hakları doğrultusunda alınan kararlara uygun ve sağlıklı bir yaşam oluşturma yolunda yeniden yapılanmıştır. Ayrıca hükümlülere sosyal aktiviteler yaptırılarak devlet ekonomisine katkıda bulunmaları fırsatı verilmiştir. Teknolojinin gelişmesi ve insan haklarına verilen önemin artması ile birlikte cezaevlerinin tasarımlarında da değişimler olmuş ve hükümlülerin cezalarını çekerken aynı zamanda da bir gün dışarıya çıkacak olduklarından topluma ve kendilerine saygılı bireyler haline getirmek amaçlanmıştır. Fakat halen daha günümüzde bu düşünce yapısı tam anlamı ile uygulanmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, cezaevi mekânlarının insan-mekân ilişkisi üzerine mekânsal algısını ve geliştirilen mekânsal arayışlara yönelik ihtiyaçları araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırma kapsamında geliştirilen anket çalışması ile geçmişinde cezaevinde kalmış ve cezaevini hiç deneyimlememiş katılımcıların verileri toplanmıştır. Bu veriler ışığında mekân-algı-işlev değerlendirilmeleri yapılmış, olumlu ve olumsuz yönde gelişen değerlendirmeler tartışılarak mekânsal kurgu düzenine ve rehabilite çalışmasına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Cezaevi, Hapsetme, Hükümlü, Cezaevi Mekânları, Mekânsal Algı
Since the main purpose of prisons is to imprison convicts, they have spatial setups dominated by the idea of keeping them under constant control. Thanks to the spaces constructed in the prison structures adopted in the historical process, people were constantly kept under control and surveillance, speech bans were imposed, pressure was exerted on the convicts with the dimensions of the spaces, and the convicts were devalued due to the mediocre materials used. Space organizations have had negative consequences on many convicts. In the 20th century, prisons were re-evaluated and restructured to create a healthy life in accordance with the decisions taken in line with human rights. In addition, the convicts were given the opportunity to contribute to the state economy by having social activities done. With the development of technology and the increase in the importance given to human rights, there have been changes in the designs of the prisons and it is aimed to make the convicts individuals who are respectful to the society and themselves, as they will go out one day while serving their sentences. However, this mentality is not fully implemented today. This study aims to investigate the spatial perception of prison spaces on the human-space relationship and the spatial needs. With the questionnaire developed within the scope of the research, the data of the participants who have been in prison in the past and have never experienced prison were collected. In the light of these data, space-perception-function evaluations were made, positive and negative evaluations were discussed and suggestions were made for the spatial organization and rehabilitation work. Keywords: Prison, Imprisonment, Convict, Prison Spaces, Spatial Perception
Since the main purpose of prisons is to imprison convicts, they have spatial setups dominated by the idea of keeping them under constant control. Thanks to the spaces constructed in the prison structures adopted in the historical process, people were constantly kept under control and surveillance, speech bans were imposed, pressure was exerted on the convicts with the dimensions of the spaces, and the convicts were devalued due to the mediocre materials used. Space organizations have had negative consequences on many convicts. In the 20th century, prisons were re-evaluated and restructured to create a healthy life in accordance with the decisions taken in line with human rights. In addition, the convicts were given the opportunity to contribute to the state economy by having social activities done. With the development of technology and the increase in the importance given to human rights, there have been changes in the designs of the prisons and it is aimed to make the convicts individuals who are respectful to the society and themselves, as they will go out one day while serving their sentences. However, this mentality is not fully implemented today. This study aims to investigate the spatial perception of prison spaces on the human-space relationship and the spatial needs. With the questionnaire developed within the scope of the research, the data of the participants who have been in prison in the past and have never experienced prison were collected. In the light of these data, space-perception-function evaluations were made, positive and negative evaluations were discussed and suggestions were made for the spatial organization and rehabilitation work. Keywords: Prison, Imprisonment, Convict, Prison Spaces, Spatial Perception
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İç Mimari ve Dekorasyon, Interior Design and Decoration
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