Anxiety and its stimuli in the protagonists of Thomas Hardy's tess of the D'urbervilles and Charles Dickens' Great Expectations: A study from a psychological perspective
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2017
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Bu tez, İngiliz edebiyatının iki ana karakteri, Tess of the D'Urbervilles'deki Tess ve Great Expectations'daki Pip'i incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada Freud'un endişe kavramı ve savunma mekanizması ve bu kavramların eserde nasıl yansıtıldığı analiz edilmektedir. İki karakter, bu tezde de gösterildiği gibi, belirli davranış ve tutumları açısından hem benzer hem de farklıdır. Örneğin, ikisinin de sorunlarla dolu çocuklukları ele alınmıştır. Tess, erkek egemen dünyaya adımının, kardeşleri için mükemmel bir fırsat olduğuna inanmaktadır. Karakterlerin bakış açısı incelendiğinde, ilgili eserlerdeki diğer karakterlerden daha fazla duygusal oldukları görülür ve bu durum okuyucuların psikolojik kaygı kavramını ve bu kavramın Freudcu kaygı anlayışındaki olası yansımalarını görmelerini sağlar. Karakteri psikolojik açıdan tanımlayan bu hikayede, ana karakter Tess, John ve Joan Durbeyfield'in en büyük çocuğu ve son derece fakir bir ailenin üyesidir. Papaz Tringham ile kazara gerçekleşen bir karşılaşmada, tüm ailenin yaşam biçimi değişir ve papaz John'un ailesinin 'Urbervilles`in şövalye geleneğinden gelen köklü soyunun kalan son temsilcisi' olduğu ortaya çıkar. Great Expectations, ana karakteri Pip'in çocukluğundan olgunluğa geçiş hikayesine odaklanmaktadır. Great Expectations, ana karakterin bağımsızlığı ve iç dünyasında yaşananları yansıtmaktadır. Bu tezde, Pip'in hayatı, Freud'un endişe kavramı açısından incelenmektedir. Pip, herhangi bir erkek çocuğunun başarabileceğinden daha fazlasını istemektedir. Great Expectations'da ahlak, sevgi, para ve sosyal statüden kaynaklanan çelişkiler bulunmaktadır. Bu faktörler, birinci şahıs anlatıcısı Pip'in zihinsel yolculuğunun analiz edilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Tezde, romanın ana karakteriyle ilgili bu konuların, kaygıyla ilgili sorunlara ait olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma aynı zamanda farklı nedenlerden ortaya çıkan çeşitli kaygı düzeyleri, onların farklı yaşlar üzerindeki etkileri ve bu karakterleri, bu psikolojik sorun karşısında daha savunmasız hale getiren çeşitli faktörlere ilişkin bir değerlendirme sunmaktadır. Tez, okuyucunun bu karakterlerin yaşamında yer alan endişenin farklı aşamalarını anlamasını sağlar. Aynı zamanda yazarların, bu karakterlerdeki benzer ve farklı psikolojik bakış açılarını kullanımını yansıtır. Çalışmada, bu karakterlerin yaşamlarında, ailelerinde, maddi durumlarında, problemlerinde ve önemsedikleri meselelerde farklılıkları olduğunu fakat endişeye karşı geliştirdikleri tutumlarında benzerlikler olduğu tartışılır ve farklı durumlara karşılık veriş biçimleri, Freud'un derslerinde ortaya koyduğu fikri yansıtır. Bu tez, bu iki ana karakterde endişeye katkıda bulunan farklı faktörler olduğu sonucuna varır. Ancak, bu iki eserin sonucuna bakıldığında, merkezlerindeki karakterlerin deneyimlerinden farklı şeyler öğrendikleri görülür.
This thesis is intended to examine the two protagonists of English literature, Tess and Pip who are the main characters in Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Great Expectations, respectively. The study uses the Freudian concept of anxiety and its defense mechanism as mentioned in his lectures and it analyses the text skimming the very stances where related ideas can be seen. The two characters are similar as well as distinct in their certain attributes as is shown in this thesis. For instance, both of them are handled as children who are too much absorbed in their issues. Tess is convinced that her step into male dominated world will prove an excellent opportunity for her siblings. It is studied from the perspective that these characters enjoy more sensitivity than the other characters in the related work enabling the reader to see the psychological conception of anxiety and its possible reflections in Freudian concept of anxiety. The novel focuses on the psychological description of the character. Tess, the protagonist is the eldest child of John and Joan Durbeyfield; the member of an extremely impoverished family. An accidental meeting with parson Tringham turns the mode of life for the entire family; he reveals that John's family is the only remaining representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d'Urbervilles. Great Expectations revolves around the life of its main character Pip, starting from his childhood to maturity. It deals with the independence and state of inward happenings of the main characters. In this thesis Pip's character and life are put in the context of anxiety sketched by Freud. Pip wants to achieve more than common boys would aim at. There are conflicting ideas emerging among morals, love, money and social status in Great Expectations. These factors allow the analysis of the first person narrator Pip`s mental agonies that he goes through. It is sketched in this thesis that these matters relating to the main character of the novel have tinges of anxiety related problems. The thesis also provides an insight of different levels of anxiety emerging from different causes, their impacts on different ages and a number of related factors that make these characters more vulnerable to this psychological problem. The thesis helps the reader understand the different stages of anxiety in the lives of these characters. At the same time it reflects the writers' similar as well as distinct use of psychological perspectives of these characters. It is discussed in the research that the two characters have a difference in their lives, families and their financial status, their concerns and problems but they share a similarity in their attitude to anxiety and their response at different levels does reflect the idea put forward by Freud in his lectures. The thesis concludes that there are factors which contribute to the anxiety in these protagonists. However, when we analyse the endings of these works they totally negate each other, as their central figures learn and experience different things all through their lives.
This thesis is intended to examine the two protagonists of English literature, Tess and Pip who are the main characters in Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Great Expectations, respectively. The study uses the Freudian concept of anxiety and its defense mechanism as mentioned in his lectures and it analyses the text skimming the very stances where related ideas can be seen. The two characters are similar as well as distinct in their certain attributes as is shown in this thesis. For instance, both of them are handled as children who are too much absorbed in their issues. Tess is convinced that her step into male dominated world will prove an excellent opportunity for her siblings. It is studied from the perspective that these characters enjoy more sensitivity than the other characters in the related work enabling the reader to see the psychological conception of anxiety and its possible reflections in Freudian concept of anxiety. The novel focuses on the psychological description of the character. Tess, the protagonist is the eldest child of John and Joan Durbeyfield; the member of an extremely impoverished family. An accidental meeting with parson Tringham turns the mode of life for the entire family; he reveals that John's family is the only remaining representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d'Urbervilles. Great Expectations revolves around the life of its main character Pip, starting from his childhood to maturity. It deals with the independence and state of inward happenings of the main characters. In this thesis Pip's character and life are put in the context of anxiety sketched by Freud. Pip wants to achieve more than common boys would aim at. There are conflicting ideas emerging among morals, love, money and social status in Great Expectations. These factors allow the analysis of the first person narrator Pip`s mental agonies that he goes through. It is sketched in this thesis that these matters relating to the main character of the novel have tinges of anxiety related problems. The thesis also provides an insight of different levels of anxiety emerging from different causes, their impacts on different ages and a number of related factors that make these characters more vulnerable to this psychological problem. The thesis helps the reader understand the different stages of anxiety in the lives of these characters. At the same time it reflects the writers' similar as well as distinct use of psychological perspectives of these characters. It is discussed in the research that the two characters have a difference in their lives, families and their financial status, their concerns and problems but they share a similarity in their attitude to anxiety and their response at different levels does reflect the idea put forward by Freud in his lectures. The thesis concludes that there are factors which contribute to the anxiety in these protagonists. However, when we analyse the endings of these works they totally negate each other, as their central figures learn and experience different things all through their lives.
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İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, Dickens, Charles, Edebiyat, Hardy, Thomas, English Linguistics and Literature, Karakter, Dickens, Charles, Literature, Kaygı, Hardy, Thomas, Character, Roman karakterleri, Anxiety, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Novel characters, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, İngiliz edebiyatı, English literature
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