Cultural Variations in Human-AI Partnership: Initial Cross-Cultural Validation of the Transactive Memory System with GenAI (TMS-GenAI) Measurement Tool

Abstract

This study introduces and examines the Transactive Memory System with GenAI (TMS-GenAI) measurement tool, an instrument designed to capture transactive memory processes in human-AI partnership. Drawing from Transactive Memory System theory, Extended Mind theory, and Cognitive Self-Esteem, the tool encompasses six theoretically grounded dimensions: Ability to Think, Ability to Remember, Specialization, Coordination, Credibility, and Generative AI Offloading. Using exploratory factor analysis across culturally distinct samples (Turkiye, N=437; United States, N=476), we evaluated structural consistency and cultural divergence of these dimensions. Results indicate strong cross-cultural stability for self-evaluative and offloading constructs (Ability To Think, Ability to Remember, and Generative AI Offloading), alongside culturally specific structuring of teamwork-related dimensions. As the first phase of a multi-stage development process, this study provides foundational evidence for the TMS-GenAI measurement tool. Future research employing confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance testing, and item refinement will enable its progression into a validated scale. The findings offer practical insights for assessing human-AI partnership across educational, professional, and organizational contexts.