Aydınoğulları-Erken Osmanlı Döneminde Ayasuluk/Efes'te Kültür ve Teknoloji Transferi: Disiplinler Arası Araştırmalar Işığında İsa Bey Hamamı Seramikleri

Ayasuluk/Ephesus city, which was conquered by the Turks in 1304 and became the capital of Aydınoğulları since the middle of the century, had one of the busiest ports between Asia and Europe in the 14th-15th centuries in the Western Anatolia region (Pfeiffer-Taş 2014; 2019). However, until the researches in recent years, the view in the literature was dominant, that the port of Ephesus became unusable since the 7th (AD) century, that the city lost its importance and turned into a small settlement with the conquest of the Turks. The importance of Ayasuluk Port, which continued its activities in today's Pamucak region during the Aydınoğulları period, in close and long distance trade has been documented with excavation findings such as ceramics and coins, as well as written sources. The city had played an important role both regionally and in terms of interactions and culture-technology transfer between China, the Middle East and Europe. Although the Seljuk-Islamic ceramic production tradition and techniques, which came to the region with the Turks, are observed in the unearthed findings, the presence of imported products is also important in terms of reflecting the interactions. It is thought that concrete data, which cannot be reached with the research methods of social-humanities, can only be reached by archaeometric methods due to the insufficient written sources and information of the period. The presented project aims to reach new data on the role of Ayasuluk in the interactions between Asia and Europe. It covers the interdisciplinary research of 47 samples belonging to the Principalities-Early Ottoman periods, which were taken from the ceramics found during the archaeological excavations carried out between 1978-1993 under the presidency of the Ephesus Museum Directorate in the İsa Bey Bathhouse and which have not been analyzed before. Thus, after the Byzantine period, it is aimed to enable new interpretations on culture and technology transfer in connection with socio-economic changes, ceramic production and consumption. For this purpose, archaeometric analyzes of ceramics will be made by applying XRD, ICP-MS, SEM-EDS, Raman, FTIR spectroscopy and thin section petrography methods in order to find answers to questions about clay, lining, glaze properties and production technologies. The data to be obtained will be evaluated comparatively by bringing together the data previously obtained from other examples, which were included in the literature in a complex way. A digital catalogue will be formed by using the data about the production features of ceramics, origin, etc. The digital catalogue will be evaluated together with the socio-economic, urban, commercial and political developments of the region.